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MEETS HOME STUDY CE REQUIREMENTS
Elite Learning
CALIFORNIA Physical Therapy Continuing Education
ONE CONVENIENT BOOK See inside for details Meet 26 HOURS with Elite Learning’s STRESS FREE SOLUTION to completing your CE Includes 2 hour Ethics Requirement
Colibri Healthcare, LLC is an Approved Continuing Education (CE) Program through the California Physical Therapy Association (Approved CE Program status number CPTAAP-28).
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COURSE CODE
HOUR
PRICE
Components of Ethics for Healthcare Professionals (Mandatory)
2
$37.00 PTCA02CE-H
ACL Rehabilitation: A Review of Current Treatment Approaches
4
$72.00 PTCA04AC-H
Evaluation and Treatment of Rotator Cuff Impairments
2
$37.00 PTCA02RC-H
Management of Sports-Related Concussions: Staying Ahead of the Game, 2nd Edition Move Better, Feel Better: A Movement-Based Approach to Soft Tissue Mobilization for the Upper Body Optimizing Outcomes in Rehabilitation: Motor Learning Principles and Beyond
4
$72.00 PTCA04MC-H
4
$72.00 PTCA04MB-H
6
$96.00 PTCA06ML-H
Return to Sport: Running Injuries in Student-Athletes
2
$33.00 PTCA02RU-H
Sports Massage-Enhancing, Training, Participation, and Recovery for Today’s Athlete, 2nd Edition
2
$33.00 PTCA02SM-H
Book Expiration Date: 12/31/2025
INCLUDED IN THIS BOOK
1
Components of Ethics for Healthcare Professionals (Mandatory) Meets the Ethics, Laws, and Regulations requirement [2 contact hours]
Ethical behavior is a fundamental component of all healthcare professions, regardless of where or how they practice. The purpose of this course is to provide healthcare professionals a broad overview on the study of ethical behavior and action as it is applied to practice, education, and research. The course will define terms used in discussing ethics, describe general principles and values of ethics and standards of conduct, and explain a decision-making process for analyzing ethical issues and potential disciplinary actions or sanctions that might occur if unethical behavior is determined by professional and/or credentialing organizations. Case studies are included throughout to stimulate reflection and direct application to practice examples. 12 ACL Rehabilitation: A Review of Current Treatment Approaches [4 contact hours] This course provides a comprehensive review of current approaches to ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) rehabilitation. It covers the latest evidence on surgical reconstruction techniques, graft choices, functional bracing, neuromuscular training, and return-to-play decision making. The course emphasizes the importance of evidence-based practice and staying current with the evolving literature in ACL rehabilitation. Participants will learn about early rehabilitation protocols, specific exercises and techniques, functional testing methods, and how to incorporate psychological readiness into return-to-sport decisions. The course includes case studies and self- assessment questions to reinforce key concepts. 20 Evaluation and Treatment of Rotator Cuff Impairments [2 contact hours] This course takes the learner through a clear, yet comprehensive tour of the gross and fine mechanisms of movement. Students will see and apply foundational rules of human movement and build their ability to predict and assign the appropriate agonists, antagonists, and synergists to each movement. The class brings a series of supporting information based on the names of the structures along with rationales for terms and designations, and it offers the learner a set of resources to build genuine comprehension of the intricate design of the scapulohumeral joint and the most common rotator cuff injuries. Both newly credentialed and experienced professionals will increase their mastery of the human shoulder/arm and leave with new skills that they can immediately apply in service to their clients. 27 Management of Sports-Related Concussions: Staying Ahead of the Game, 2nd Edition [4 contact hours] Concussions continue to be a serious epidemic in youth and competitive sports. With approximately 1.6 million to 3.8 million sports-related concussions occurring every year, these injuries are considered among the most complex injuries in sports medicine to diagnosis, assess, and manage. The instructor will provide an overarching review of the recent literature, including the 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport, as it pertains to concussion management from prevention techniques to reducing the risk of injury to returning to play after a concussive episode. The modules within this course include an introduction to concussions, recognition and sideline evaluation, clinical evaluation, neuropsychological testing, rehabilitation techniques, and academic modifications. As the literature and practice guidelines/recommendations are reviewed, participants will be able to assess their current practice to make appropriate modifications to their own concussion management plan. The mission of this course is to provide a concise resource on how to properly manage concussions from risk reduction techniques, acute injuries, and return to play by implementing a multimodal process and enhancing multidisciplinary communication to keep the athlete at the forefront of care. ..... Continued on the next page ►
INCLUDED IN THIS BOOK
36 Move Better, Feel Better: A Movement-Based Approach to Soft Tissue Mobilization for the Upper Body [4 contact hours] This course provides an evidence-based approach, combining IASTM, Cupping and Kinesiology Taping by focusing on how we can stimulate the Central Nervous System (CNS) to reduce pain and enhance mobility. This comprehensive treatment philosophy is movement-focused instead of treating the individual muscle, or the fascia, or the joints. The goal is to make overall movement of the affected body part more efficient to allow the body to heal and to become more resilient: “Move Better, Feel Better.” 46 Optimizing Outcomes in Rehabilitation: Motor Learning Principles and Beyond [6 contact hours] Participants will, by the end of this course, gain a knowledge and understanding of how to optimize rehabilitation outcomes in their patients by using current and evidence-based application of motor learning concepts and principles of neuroplasticity. 60 Return to Sport: Running Injuries in Student-Athletes [2 contact hours] This course focuses on commonly presented running injuries in student-athletes and how to effectively treat those injuries for return to sport. The course is designed for athletic trainers and allied health professionals who work in sport settings, particularly with youth and student-aged athletes. 70 Sports Massage: Enhancing Training, Participation and Recovery for Today’s Athlete, 2nd Edition [2 contact hours] This course explores massage needs and methods unique to sports, with a focus on how the body responds to training and competition and the role that massage plays in both performance and recovery. Therapists learn how to assist athletes before, during and after competition through the use of massage.
Colibri Healthcare, LLC is an Approved Continuing Education (CE) Program through the California Physical Therapy Association (Approved CE Program status number CPTAAP-28).
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
License Expires
CE Hours Required
Mandatory Subjects
2 hours Ethics, Laws, and Regulations 4 hours Basic Life Support for Health Care Professionals
Biennial renewal. Licenses are required to renew by the last day of their birth month every two years
30 (26 hours are allowed through home study)
Are you a California board-approved provider? Colibri Healthcare, LLC is an Approved Continuing Education (CE) Program through the California Physical Therapy Association (Approved CE Program status number CPTAAP-28). Are my credit hours reported to the California board? No. The California Board of Physical Therapy perform audits at which time proof of continuing education must be provided. Is my information secure? Yes! We use SSL encryption, and we never share your information with third-parties. We are also rated A+ by the National Better Business Bureau. What if I still have questions? What are your business hours? No problem, we have several options for you to choose from! Online at EliteLearning.com/Physical-Therapy you will see our robust FAQ section that answers many of your questions, simply click FAQs at the top of the page, email us at office@elitelearning.com , or call us toll-free at 1-888-857-6920, Monday - Friday 9:00 am - Always check your state’s board website to determine the number of hours required for renewal, mandatory topics (as these are subject to change), and the amount that may be completed through home study. Also, make sure that you notify the board of any changes of address. It is important that your most current address is on file. Disclosures: Resolution of conflict of interest Colibri Healthcare, LLC implemented mechanisms prior to the planning and implementation of the continuing education activity, to identify and resolve conflicts of interest for all individuals in a position to control content of the course activity. Sponsorship/commercial support and non-endorsement It is the policy of Colibri Healthcare, LLC not to accept commercial support. Furthermore, commercial interests are prohibited from distributing or providing access to this activity to learners. Disclaimer: 6:00 pm EST, Saturday 10:00 am - 4:00 pm EST. Important information for licensees: The information provided in this activity is for continuing education purposes only and is not meant to substitute for the independent medical judgment of a healthcare provider relative to diagnostic and treatment options of a specific patient’s medical condition.
©2025: All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be reproduced without the expressed written permission or consent of Colibri Healthcare, LLC. The materials presented in this course are meant to provide the consumer with general information on the topics covered. The information provided was prepared by professionals with practical knowledge of the areas covered. It is not meant to provide medical, legal, or professional advice. Colibri Healthcare, LLC recommends that you consult a medical, legal, or professional services expert licensed in your state. Colibri Healthcare, LLC has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that all content provided in this course is accurate and up to date at the time of printing, but does not represent or warrant that it will apply to your situation nor circumstances and assumes no liability from reliance on these materials. Quotes are collected from customer feedback surveys. The models are intended to be representative and not actual customers.
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Components of Ethics for Healthcare Professionals: Summary
Components of Ethics for Healthcare Professionals (Mandatory)
ACCESS THE FULL PRESENTATION
Scan the QR CODE ► to start video or visit https://qr2.mobi/EthicsHCPros
2 Contact Hours
Author Elizabeth D. DeIuliis, OTD, OTR/L, CLA, FNAP, FAOTA
Ms. Deluliis has over 20 years of experience as a credentialed occupational therapy practitioner. She serves as a clinical associate professor and program director in the Department of Occupational Therapy at Duquesne University. She is a fellow in both the National Academies of Practice and the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA). Dr. DeIuliis has earned her academic leadership credential through AOTA's Academic Leadership Institute and has authored several textbooks; published numerous peer-reviewed articles; and presented at state, national, and international conferences on topics including professionalism, ethics, experiential learning pedagogies, and interprofessional education.
LEARNING OUTCOMES ● Define ethics terms, theories, principles, and sources of ethical issues common across healthcare professions and settings ● Recognize general ethical principles, standards of conduct, and basic enforcement procedures
● Recall a general decision-making process to resolve ethical questions/dilemmas across healthcare professions and settings
3. When considering the ethical principle of nonmaleficence in healthcare practice, which of the following is MOST accurate? a. It requires taking positive action to help others b. It is less strict than the principle of beneficence c. It focuses primarily on fair resource distribution d. It is derived from the Hippocratic oath's "Do no harm" 4. In the context of ethical decision-making, which step should be completed FIRST when faced with an ethical dilemma?
SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
1. Here is an example statement from a code of ethics document: "Providers shall respect the inherent dignity and worth of individuals." This statement is: a. A directive statement b. A nondirective statement c. A general statement d. All of the above THE CORRECT ANSWER IS A. Rationale: The statement uses "shall" which indicates expected behaviors. 2. The six-step model presented for analyzing ethical decision making aligns with: a. Metaethics
a. Explore practical alternatives b. Complete the chosen action c. Gather relevant information d. Evaluate the outcome ANSWERS: 1: a 2 : b 3: d 4 : c
b. Normative ethics c. Teleology theory d. Deontology theory
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Components of Ethics for Healthcare Professionals: Summary
2. Educational codes state what constitutes ethical behavior and may provide case examples as illustrations. While these codes define and explain ethical conduct, they typically do not include sanctions for failing to follow the code 3. Regulatory codes are the most comprehensive, as they spell out expected behavior, state specific guidelines for conduct, and provide detailed descriptions of sanctions for violations. These codes serve as enforceable standards with clear consequences for ethical breaches Most professional organizations maintain codes that combine elements of all three types, providing both aspirational goals and specific regulatory requirements. These codes must be regularly reviewed and updated to reflect changing societal values and new challenges in healthcare delivery. COMMUNICATION APPROACHES IN CODES OF ETHICS Professional codes of ethics employ two distinct types of communication approaches: Directive and nondirective statements. Understanding these approaches is crucial for healthcare professionals to properly interpret and apply ethical guidelines. LEARNING TIP! Directive statements address required conduct and use specific language to indicate expected behaviors. These statements employ words such as: • Shall • Will • Must • Require • Responsible Conversely, terms like do not , shall not , and will not indicate behaviors that must be avoided. For example, "Employees are prohibited from engaging in conflicts of interest and must disclose any potential conflict to the appropriate authorities" represents a directive statement.
INTRODUCTION
FOUNDATIONAL ETHICS CONCEPTS Ethics represents the systematic study of moral judgment and standards of conduct within the broader field of moral philosophy. The field encompasses two main subdivisions: Normative ethics, which focuses on determining morally right and wrong actions, and metaethics, which analyzes the theoretical foundations of moral theories. This understanding is crucial as ethics continues to evolve with societal changes and new healthcare challenges. This course delves into ethical theories, particularly deontological theory, which emphasizes duties and rights, and teleological theory, which focuses on consequences. These theories are examined through various lenses, including social norms, authority figures, religious orientations, traditional wisdom, and contemporary cultural contexts. Understanding these theoretical frameworks helps healthcare professionals navigate complex ethical decisions in their practice. PROFESSIONAL CODES AND STANDARDS Healthcare professionals are guided by codes of ethics that organize and articulate the most important ethical principles within their profession. A code of ethics is defined as a set of standards and principles of professional conduct that helps guide decision-making and behavior in professional settings. There are three distinct types of codes of ethics that serve different purposes in healthcare professions: 1. Aspirational codes encourage competent and moral behavior but do not provide specific guidelines for ethical conduct or sanctions for violations. These codes set forth ideals that practitioners should strive to achieve in their professional practice
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Components of Ethics for Healthcare Professionals: Summary
According to the deontological approach, certain actions are inherently moral or immoral, regardless of their outcomes. Teleological theory, in contrast, is based on consequences or ends . Also referred to as consequentialist ethics, actions are evaluated based on their utilitarian value and seek the best outcome or least harmful consequences. For example, if two treatment techniques are equally effective according to current research, the healthcare professional should consider which technique will bring the most benefit and provide the best outcome for the client within their unique situation. Sometimes these two theories coincide. In those instances, the duty to act aligns with the best action. For example, in preventing a patient from falling, the duty to avoid harm (deontological) coincides with warning the patient about a slippery floor to prevent injury (teleological/consequential). However, these theories can sometimes produce opposing views. Consider a scenario where a patient requires painful stretching to prevent muscle contracture. The practitioner must weigh their duty to provide beneficial treatment against the consequence of causing pain, even if that pain serves a therapeutic purpose. The understanding of ethical behavior is derived from multiple sources.: • Social norms that guide action through example • Authority figures who provide direction • Religious orientations that offer moral guidelines • Traditional wisdom transmitted by experienced practitioners who “know best” • Contemporary culture that shapes current ethical thinking This theoretical foundation helps healthcare professionals navigate complex ethical decisions while considering both their duties and the consequences of their actions.
LEARNING TIP! Nondirective statements come in two forms: • Statements addressing permitted conduct, which often contain words such as may and not prohibited • Statements addressing recommended (but not required) behavior, which typically use words like should and should not
The course provides an illustrative example from the physical therapy code of ethics: "shall encourage colleagues with physical, psychological, or substance-related impairments that may adversely impact their professional responsibilities to seek assistance or counsel." This represents a directive statement due to its use of shall . Understanding these communication approaches helps healthcare professionals interpret the intent and requirements of their professional codes of ethics. When reviewing ethical guidelines, practitioners should pay particular attention to the specific language used, as it indicates whether an action is mandatory, recommended, or permitted. ETHICAL THEORIES AND SOURCES Ethical theories provide essential frameworks for understanding and evaluating moral dilemmas in healthcare. Two fundamental theories represent seminal knowledge in ethics literature: Deontological theory and teleological theory. Deontological theory is based on the concept of duties and rights . Under this framework, healthcare professionals have a duty to protect and fulfill their patients' rights, regardless of the consequences of those actions. For example, a patient's right to autonomy must be respected by the healthcare professional regardless of whether they agree with the patient's choices or whether the patient has cognitive deficits.
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Components of Ethics for Healthcare Professionals: Summary
2. Nonmaleficence The "Do no harm" principle derived from the Hippocratic oath establishes a stricter standard than beneficence. This includes: • Avoiding potential risks: Nonmaleficence includes an obligation not to impose risks of harm even if the potential risk is without malicious or harmful intent. This involves minimizing risks and avoiding actions that could cause harm, while also considering the potential benefits and risks of medical interventions • Maintaining proper credentials • Following safety protocols • Preventing negligence: The principle of nonmaleficence is closely tied to the concept of negligence in healthcare practice. Negligence occurs when a healthcare provider fails to use due care to protect a client from harm. Malpractice suits are most often based on acts of negligence. This negligence may be either intentional (when a person knowingly fails to use due care) or unintentional (when a person carelessly or inadvertently imposes harm). • Protecting and being mindful of vulnerable populations LEARNING TIP! Note: Scenarios that involve difficult
While ethics and laws are related, they serve distinct purposes in healthcare practice. LEARNING TIP! Laws are defined by government
and contain formal rules for resolving complex problems, while codes of ethics are defined by professional groups and organizations.
Laws state the minimum standard of behavior that must be met, while ethical codes present ideal or best behaviors. Additionally, laws are upheld by rules, regulatory authorities, and courts, whereas codes of ethics are upheld through professional standards, discussion, and persuasion. This distinction is important because healthcare professionals must navigate both legal requirements and ethical standards in their practice. Sometimes these align perfectly, but in other situations, what is legally permissible may not necessarily be the most ethical choice, or what seems ethically right may face legal constraints. Understanding this relationship helps practitioners make better decisions when faced with complex situations. CORE ETHICAL PRINCIPLES 1. Beneficence The principle of beneficence establishes healthcare professionals' fundamental obligation to act for patient benefit. This requires genuine concern for well-being and proactive efforts to promote positive outcomes. This involves providing competent and compassionate care, advocating for patients’ needs, and striving to optimize health outcomes . Beneficence manifests through: ○ Evidence-based interventions ○ Appropriate referrals ○ Health promotion activities ○ Professional competence maintenance ○ Patient advocacy
end-of-life care decisions such as withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treating, medically administered nutrition and hydration and in pain and other symptom control often involve complex decision making around beneficence and nonmaleficence.
3. Autonomy Patient autonomy emphasizes the right to make informed healthcare decisions, including: ○ Informed consent processes: The patient has the right to informed consent, which is a necessary part of the process that leads to the patient agreeing to accept services
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Components of Ethics for Healthcare Professionals: Summary
○ Right to refuse treatment: Autonomy is often referred to as the self- determination ethical principle. This principle emphasizes the importance of patient consent, confidentiality, and the right to refuse treatment ○ Privacy protection ○ Confidentiality maintenance: Confi- dentiality refers to the duty of healthcare providers to safeguard the privacy and confidentiality of patient information, unless required by law. This includes protecting patient records, maintaining confidentiality in communications, and disclosing patient information only with appropriate consent or when required by law ○ Self-determination respect 4. Justice The principle of justice ensures fair and equitable treatment through: ensuring that sensitive medical and personal details are not disclosed without the patient’s consent or
LEARNING TIP! A reprimand represents a formal written communication indicating disapproval of conduct, while censure takes this a step further by making the disapproval public. Censures identify the person’s name and are usually correlated to which ethical principles were not upheld. This is a formal written communication, and it is communicated publicly.
Probation involves placing specific conditions on continued practice for a defined period, often requiring the practitioner to demonstrate compliance with certain requirements or to complete additional training. Suspension temporarily removes the practitioner's right to practice, while revocation permanently terminates their credentials or license. PROFESSIONAL DOCUMENTATION AND RECORD-KEEPING Proper documentation serves as a cornerstone of ethical practice in healthcare. Healthcare professionals must maintain accurate, timely, and complete records that reflect all aspects of patient care. This includes detailed treatment plans, progress notes, assessment results, and any relevant correspondence. The documentation must be sufficient to allow another qualified professional to understand the nature and course of treatment provided. In writing up the results of a patient assessment that will be submitted for reimbursement, it is important for the practitioner to ensure that documentation is in accordance with applicable laws. In today's digital age, special consideration must be given to the security and confidentiality of electronic health records, with practitioners needing to implement appropriate safeguards to protect patient information.
○ Nondiscriminatory practices ○ Resource allocation fairness ○ Cultural competence ○ Access to services ○ Professional standards adherence DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS AND PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY
The healthcare field recognizes several levels of disciplinary actions that may be taken when ethical violations occur. Nondisciplinary actions serve as initial interventions and include verbal warnings, written warnings, and advisory opinions. These are typically used for minor infractions or first-time occurrences where education and guidance may be sufficient to correct the behavior. More serious violations may warrant formal disciplinary actions, which include reprimands; censures; probation; suspension; and in the most severe cases, revocation of credentials or licenses.
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Components of Ethics for Healthcare Professionals: Summary
ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING IN PRACTICE
Cultural Competency and Ethical Practice Cultural competency has become increasingly recognized as a crucial component of ethical healthcare delivery. Healthcare professionals must develop awareness of their own cultural biases, gain knowledge about diverse populations, and acquire skills for cross-cultural communication. This includes understanding how cultural values and beliefs influence healthcare decisions, respecting diverse perspectives on autonomy and decision making, and ensuring equitable access to care across different cultural groups. Research Ethics and Evidence-Based Practice The ethical conduct of research and implementation of evidence-based practice requires careful attention to several principles. Researchers must protect participants’ rights through informed consent, maintain confidentiality, and ensure fair subject selection. When implementing evidence- based interventions, practitioners must balance scientific evidence with individual patient preferences and circumstances. This includes considering both the benefits and potential risks of interventions, and communicating these clearly to patients. Professional Boundaries and Relationships Maintaining appropriate professional boundaries is essential for ethical practice. Healthcare professionals must navigate complex relationships with patients, colleagues, and other stakeholders while upholding professional standards. This includes avoiding dual relationships, maintaining appropriate self-disclosure, and professionally managing their social media presence. The increasing use of digital communication platforms has added new dimensions to boundary maintenance.
Healthcare professionals must regularly navigate complex ethical situations requiring careful analysis and thoughtful decision making. The following six-step model provides a structured approach. First, practitioners must gather all relevant information to fully understand the situation. This includes reviewing patient histories, consulting relevant policies and guidelines, and considering all stakeholder perspectives. Next, they must identify whether the issue truly represents an ethical dilemma and which ethical principles are involved. The third step involves analyzing the problem through various ethical frameworks, such as deontological (duty-based) and teleological (consequence-based) approaches. This analysis should consider core principles like beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice. Fourth, practitioners must explore practical alternatives, weighing the potential benefits and drawbacks of each option. The fifth step involves implementing the chosen action, while the final step requires evaluation of both the process and the outcome to inform future decision making. SPECIAL TOPICS IN HEALTHCARE ETHICS Telehealth and Digital Ethics The rapid evolution of healthcare delivery through digital platforms has introduced new ethical considerations. Healthcare professionals must carefully navigate privacy, confidentiality, and security concerns when providing telehealth services. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of virtual care delivery, highlighting the importance of maintaining ethical standards across digital platforms. Practitioners must ensure secure communication channels, obtain appropriate informed consent for telehealth services, and maintain professional boundaries in virtual environments.
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Components of Ethics for Healthcare Professionals: Summary
Documentation and Record-Keeping Ethical documentation practices are fundamental to healthcare delivery. Records must be accurate, timely, and complete while protecting patient privacy and confidentiality. Six Step Model for Ethical Decisions 1. Get the story straight ○ Gather all relevant information and facts
Electronic health records have introduced new considerations regarding data security, access controls, and information sharing. Healthcare professionals must ensure their documentation practices comply with both legal requirements and ethical standards.
○ Understand the full context ○ Identify stakeholders involved ○ Review applicable laws, regulations, and professional codes ○ Take time to collect all pertinent details without bias 2. Identify the type of ethical problem ○ Determine if it's truly an ethical dilemma versus a legal issue ○ Identify which ethical principles are involved ○ Reference professional codes of ethics, workplace rules, and state regulations 3. Use ethics theories or approaches to analyze the problem ○ View the issue through different ethical lenses like: ■ Deontological approach: Focus on rights and duties ■ Teleological approach: Focus on consequences ■ Utilitarian approach: Focus on producing the most good/least harm ○ Apply relevant ethical principles: Beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, justice 4. Explore the practical alternatives ○ Assess different possible courses of action ○ Consider consequences, benefits, and drawbacks of each option ○ Weigh effects on patient and others involved (practical, emotional, spiritual, financial) ○ Evaluate how each option aligns with ethical principles 5. Complete the action ○ Choose and implement the most ethically justifiable course of action ○ Recognize that an optimal solution may not exist ○ Accept that some ethical dilemmas cannot be perfectly resolved 6. Evaluate the process and outcome ○ Reflect on results and consequences ○ Assess if the chosen action effectively addressed the issue ○ Consider lessons learned for future situations ○ Ask questions like: ■ What went well? ■ What was most challenging? ■ What was learned? ■ What could be done differently next time?
The model emphasizes that ethical decision making is a systematic process that requires careful consideration at each step. The final
evaluation step is considered particularly critical for developing ethical reasoning skills and preparing for future ethical dilemmas.
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Components of Ethics for Healthcare Professionals: Summary
JUAN'S ETHICS INVESTIGATION CASE STUDY
Background: Juan, a healthcare professional and five-year member of his discipline's professional organization, received a letter from the Ethics Review Committee chairperson indicating he was under investigation for possible code of ethics violations. The complaint was initially filed by Juan's state regulatory board after being reported by his direct supervisor.
Key Issues Under Investigation: 1. License status ○ Investigation into whether Juan practiced with an expired license ○ Required to provide evidence of current license and timely renewals over past three years ○ Potential violation of competence, education, and training standards 2. Documentation concerns ○ Missing or incomplete records and reports ○ Required to provide evidence of timely documentation filing ○ Potential violation of documentation and reimbursement standards 3. Evaluation and treatment planning ○ Using nearly identical evaluations and intervention plans for multiple clients ○ Changing only dates on documentation ○ Required to provide samples of individual evaluations and care plans ○ Violation of individualized care standards 4. Treatment techniques ○ Questions about safety and effectiveness of treatment methods ○ Required to provide evidence of peer-reviewed research supporting his techniques ○ Concern over lack of evidence-based practice Potential Outcomes : The Ethics Review Committee could implement any of the following actions. 1. Dismissal of charges : ○ If no violations are found ○ Written notification that charges are dismissed 2. Reprimand ○ Formal written communication indicating disapproval ○ Private communication 3. Censure ○ Formal written communication made public ○ Reported to regulatory agencies 4. Probation ○ Public reporting with specific end point ○ May include requirements like:
■ Submitting continuing education certificates ■ Providing documentation of compliance ■ Meeting specific terms set by the committee
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Components of Ethics for Healthcare Professionals: Summary
5. Suspension ○ Removal of membership for a designated period of time ○ Public sanction ○ Notification to other regulatory agencies ○ Could affect license to practice 6. Revocation
○ Permanent removal of membership ○ Never eligible to rejoin organization ○ Public sanction ○ Notification to other regulatory agencies ○ Could result in license revocation The case highlights the importance of: • Maintaining current credentials • Using proper documentation practices • Individualizing patient care • Using evidence-based methods • Complying with professional standards • Understanding potential consequences of ethical violations
The final outcome would depend on factors such as:
• Duration of violations • Number of violations • Previous corrective actions • Juan's response to the investigation • Any legal implications
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Scan the QR CODE ► to start video or visit https://qr2.mobi/EthicsHCPros
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Components of Ethics for Healthcare Professionals: Summary
F INAL EXAM QUESTIONS
8. An ethical guideline that reads, “The professional shall act with compassion and respect with every person” is an example of what kind of statement? a. Directive b. Nondirective c. Aspirational d. Educational 9. An ethical guideline that reads, “The professional should attend continuing education on an annual basis” is an example of what kind of statement? a. Directive 10. Which of the following ethical principles requires the healthcare professional to act with genuine concern for the well-being and safety of their patients by providing competent and compassionate care? a. Beneficence b. Nonmaleficence c. Autonomy d. Justice 11. Which of the following ethical principles aligns with the Hippocratic oath? a. Beneficence b. Nonmaleficence c. Autonomy d. Justice 12. Malpractice suits are most often based on acts of: b. Nondirective c. Aspirational d. Educational
1. The study of ethics is a branch of: a. Political science
b. Philosophy c. Psychology d. Sociology 2. Teleological theory is concerned primarily with: a. Duty b. Obligations c. Consequences d. Rights 3. Which kind of ethics is concerned with determining what is morally right or wrong? a. Metaethics b. Normative ethics c. Utilitarian ethics d. Deontology theory 4. Which kind of ethics is concerned with the concepts of duties and rights? a. Metaethics b. Guides problem resolution c. Is defined by government d. Lists professional standards 6. When understanding norms that shape ethical behavior, which example is transmitted from older generations by “knowing best”? a. Authority figures b. Religions c. Cultural customs d. Transitional wisdom 7. There are three main types of codes of ethics: aspirational, educational, and: a. Regulatory b. Federal b. Normative ethics c. Utilitarian ethics d. Deontology theory 5. Unlike codes of ethics, the law: a. May be aspirational
a. Fidelity b. Veracity c. Negligence d. Justice
13. Being mindful of vulnerable populations is important for healthcare professionals due to what ethical principle? a. Beneficence b. Nonmaleficence c. Autonomy d. Justice
c. Local d. Moral
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Components of Ethics for Healthcare Professionals: Summary
14. An example of justice is: a. Providing services in a fair and equitable manner b. Ensuring that confidentiality of information is maintained c. Recording and reporting client information accurately d. Taking responsibility for professional development 15. Dealing with end-of-life decisions involves complex ethical decision making around which ethical principles? a. Beneficence and nonmaleficence b. Nonmaleficence and due care c. Justice and beneficence d. Informed consent and justice 16. In conducting a research study, researchers are expected to avoid inflicting harm or injury on the research participants in order to fulfill the ethics principle of: a. Autonomy b. Justice c. Veracity d. Nonmaleficence 17. In writing up the results of a patient assessment that will be submitted for reimbursement, it is important for the practitioner to: a. Take appropriate steps to facilitate meaningful communication b. Establish a collaborative relationship with the recipient of the service c. Ensure that documentation is in accordance with applicable laws d. Educate the public about the value of occupational therapy 18. The process whereby patients agree to receive services is known as: a. Confidentiality b. Public Policy c. Informed consent d. Self-Rule 19. The right to refuse services is an example of the principle of:
20. All data and information obtained from or about recipients of services, students, research participants, colleagues, or employees should be treated as: a. Public information b. Confidential information c. Electronic-access-only information d. Directory information 21. Censure due to an ethical violation means that: a. There was no true breach of a code of ethics; however, the behavior is not completely in keeping with its principles b. The state regulatory board must issue a letter stating that conditions such as completing a rehabilitation program have been met c. A formal public expression of disapproval will appear in a publication d. A professional will have their membership suspended for a specified period of time 22. If a healthcare professional shares information with their family members or friends about a client’s personal history or treatment plan without the client’s permission, the healthcare professional may be violating the concept of: a. Confidentiality b. Autonomy c. Nonmaleficence d. Morals 23. The final step in the six-step model to make ethical decisions is which of the following?
a. Completing the action b. Exploring alternatives c. Evaluating the process and outcome d. Identifying the ethical problem
TO ACCESS THE FINAL EXAM TO THIS COURSE ►
a. Fidelity b. Veracity c. Procedural justice d. Autonomy
Course content code: PTCA02CE-H
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ACL Rehabilitation: A Review of Current Treatment Approaches: Summary
ACL Rehabilitation: A Review of Current Treatment Approaches 4 Contact Hours
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Author J.D. Boudreaux, EdD, PT, LAT, ATC, SCS
J.D. Boudreaux is a dual-credentialed sports medicine professional with extensive experience in physical therapy and athletic training. He is licensed as an athletic trainer in Louisiana and Texas and is a board-certified sports clinical specialist. Dr. Boudreaux has seven years of experience working with collegiate athletes, particularly in football and baseball. He has served as a visiting lecturer for athletic training education programs and is currently the director of sports medicine for an outpatient sports medicine clinic. Dr. Boudreaux completed his doctorate in curriculum and instruction with a concentration in health professions in 2018.
LEARNING OUTCOMES ● Explain the importance of surgical reconstruction for young, active patients with ACL injuries ● Compare and contrast different graft types and sources for ACL reconstruction ● Describe the role of functional bracing in ACL rehabilitation ● Design evidence-based neuromuscular rehabilitation plans for ACL patients
● Identify appropriate exercises and progressions for different stages of ACL recovery ● Implement a battery of functional tests to assess readiness for return to play ● Incorporate psychological readiness measures into return-to-sport decision making ● Apply current best practices to case scenarios involving ACL rehabilitation
SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following is NOT an essential component during early ACL rehabilitation?
4. Which of the following is NOT a directional component of the Y-balance test? a. Anterior b. Posteromedial c. Posterior d. Posterolateral 5. Which of the following is NOT a psychological variable that may influence return to play in sports? a. Gear of reinjury b. Age/competition level of the athlete c. Athletic confidence d. Psychological and subjective readiness
a. Enhancing sport-specific ability b. Establishing full knee extension
c. Diminishing pain and inflammation d. Restoring volitional quad control 2. Which of the following is NOT a component of the traditional functional hop test? a. Triple hop for distance b. Tuck jump c. Crossover hop for distance d. Single hop for distance 3. Which of the following flawed techniques with foot placement are assessed for quality within the tuck jump assessment? a. Excessive landing noise b. Equal timing of foot contacts c. Feet landing shoulder width apart d. All of the above are assessed for quality
ANSWERS: 1: a 2 : b 3: d 4 : c 5 : b
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ACL Rehabilitation: A Review of Current Treatment Approaches: Summary
2. Allografts : For young, competitive athletes, autografts are strongly preferred over allografts: ○ Autografts had a 6% failure rate ○ Non-irradiated allografts had a 9% failure rate ○ Irradiated allografts had a 34% failure rate (statistically significant) While there is some debate between patellar tendon and hamstring autografts, recent literature suggests a slight preference for patellar tendon grafts in terms of long-term outcomes and reduced failure rates. Revascularization/Remodeling Timeline • Weeks 0-2: Avascular necrosis ○ Significant reduction in graft strength • Weeks 3-20: Revascularization • Weeks 6-12: Disorganization of collagen ○ Careful with exercises
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE OF EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
There is a big emphasis on the importance of staying current with the evolving literature in ACL rehabilitation. Learners are challenged to evaluate their current practices critically and be open to new evidence-based approaches. ACL rehabilitation practices have changed significantly over the years, including surgical techniques/technology, graft choices, rehab- ilitation protocols, and return-to-play criteria . Clinicians need to update their knowledge and practices continually to provide the best care for their patients. Key statistics to underscore the importance of optimizing ACL rehabilitation: • Only about 55% of athletes return to competitive sport at their pre-injury level following ACL reconstruction • Up to 30% of young, active individuals who return to high-risk sports experience a second ACL injury within the first two years after returning to sport These sobering statistics highlight the need for improved rehabilitation strategies and return-to-play decision-making processes. Surgical Considerations and Graft Choices The literature supports ACL reconstruction in young, active adults due to the risk of: • Episodes of instability • Potential for pathological laxity • Injuries to other structures of the knee (i.e., meniscus) The various graft options available for ACL reconstruction include: 1. Autografts : ○ Patellar tendon
• Weeks 12-24: Remodeling and proliferation (collagen maturing) • Week 12-20: Exercise progressions • Week 24: Sport specific drills Early Rehabilitation Phase
The evolution of ACL rehabilitation protocols has shifted towards more accelerated programs. Accelerated Programs: 1. Range of Motion : Aim to achieve unrestricted range of motion by week 4 post-surgery 2. Brace Weaning : Typically wean from the post-operative brace between 2 and 6 weeks 3. Open Chain Exercises : Introduce open chain full extension exercises as early as week 6 or even earlier 4. Closed Chain and Functional Tasks : Begin full range squatting and some functional sports-specific drills around 5-6 weeks.
○ Hamstring tendon ○ Quadriceps tendon
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ACL Rehabilitation: A Review of Current Treatment Approaches: Summary
Non-Accelerated Programs: 1. Range of Motion : Unrestricted range of motion is typically achieved around week 8 2. Brace Weaning : Usually occurs between 4 and 6 weeks post-surgery 3. Open Chain Exercises : Delay introduction of open chain full extension exercises until around week 12 4. Closed Chain and Functional Tasks : Full range squatting and functional drills are typically introduced around week 12 The majority of current practices lean towards accelerated protocols. The key differences lie in the timing of introducing certain exercises and achieving specific milestones. It is important to understand that these classifications are based on exercise introduction and range of motion goals, not on return-to-play timelines. Regardless of the protocol used, return-to- play decisions should be based on meeting functional criteria rather than solely on time from surgery. Accelerated protocols have shown similar outcomes to non-accelerated programs in terms of knee laxity, functional measures, and patient- reported outcomes. However, there is minimal to no scientific evidence supporting return to sport at less than four months post-surgery, regardless of the rehabilitation protocol used. The debate between accelerated and non- accelerated protocols may be becoming less relevant, as most clinicians now implement some form of accelerated protocol. The focus has shifted towards individualized, criterion-based progression that respects the physiological healing process of the graft while optimizing functional outcomes. The early phase of rehabilitation is critically important in setting the foundation for successful recovery. Early weight-bearing and range of motion within the first week has been supported by research after ACL reconstruction. Key goals of this phase are: 1. Diminish pain and inflammation 2. Restore full knee extension 3. Gradually increase knee flexion 4. Restore volitional quadriceps control
5. Maintain patellar mobility (superior glide of patella and external rotation of tibia) 6. Restore independent ambulation LEARNING TIP! Negative effects can present themselves during the early stages of rehabilitation when pain and
inflammation are not appropriately controlled. These include limited ROM, quad inhibition, and abnormal gait patterns.
Achieving full knee extension is crucial and should be a top priority. Failure to achieve full knee extension can lead to arthrofibrosis and long-term functional deficits. Aggressive measures are recommended to achieve this, including: • Prone hangs • Low-load, long-duration stretching • Heel props Continuous passive motion (CPM) machines : While they were once common, current evidence does not strongly support their routine use. CPM machines may be beneficial in select cases where achieving range of motion is particularly challenging. It is crucial to restore quadriceps control, with a focus on neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) if patients struggle to activate their quadriceps voluntarily within the first few days post-surgery. Progression of Rehabilitation Exercises As the rehabilitation progresses, there is great importance to gradually introducing more challenging exercises. There is a debate surrounding open vs. closed kinetic chain exercises, particularly for the quadriceps. Key points: • Closed kinetic chain exercises can be safely introduced early in the rehabilitation process • Open kinetic chain exercises for the quadriceps should be introduced cautiously, typically starting around 4-6 weeks post- surgery
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