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Evidence-Based Balance Rehabilitation and Fall Prevention: Summary
FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
39. Which of the following attributes of ambulation are unique to humans? a. Human gait is exclusively bipedal b. Humans move vertically over a small base of support c. There is constant monitoring of sway over flexible segments d. All of the above 40. Which of the following are NOT required for successful balance? a. Accurate perception of external and internal conditions and forces b. Capacity to develop strategies for movement c. Ability to execute movements without regard to center of mass d. Ability to assess for and correct errors in movement 41. Samson has developed peripheral neuropathy as a result of his diabetes. Upon evaluating his distal sensation, you note that his proprioception is severely limited despite tactile sense remaining intact. However, he is able to maintain his balance well in a Romberg position with eyes closed. What is the most likely explanation for his balance abilities? a. He is substituting tactile sensation for proprioceptive loss b. He is substituting with his intact motor system by stiffening his ankle muscles c. He is substituting with his intact vestibular system d. He is substituting with his intact visual system 42. Opal complains of losses of balance when performing tasks such as washing her hair in the shower and getting up at night to go to the bathroom. On evaluation, no significant somatosensory or vestibular deficits were found. What is the next most appropriate test to perform?
43. Which of the following is true regarding aging and balance? a. Older adults maintain muscle mass at roughly the same capacity as younger adults b. Gait in older adults is characterized by more fluidity and accentuated hip extension c. Older adults have more difficulty with unexpected perturbations to balance d. Vestibular function is typically enhanced in older adults 44. Eloise has Parkinson disease and shares that she is extremely afraid of falling. Which of the following statements is true? a. Because she has a fear of falling, she probably has fallen down at least once b. Eloise has little risk of further debility as a result of her fear c. Eloise most likely has low self-efficacy d. Her fear of falling has probably not affected her functional ability 45. Which of the following statements is true? a. Fall reduction screening requires a multidisciplinary team for maximum effectiveness b. Falls often can be narrowed down to a single contributing factor c. Generic interventions that cover a broad array of impairments are the most effective d. Strengthening exercises alone have been shown to reduce fall risk 46. Which of the following balance assessments is most valuable for assessing reactive balance recovery? a. Berg Balance Scale b. Clinical Test of Sensory Integration of Balance c. Mini-BEST d. Gait speed (10-m walk test) 47. Which of the following statements is true regarding standardized assessments? a. Cut-off scores are widely applicable across a variety of patient populations b. Standardized tools are one component of a comprehensive balance assessment c. The faster the gait speed, the lower the risk of falls d. The Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment is the “gold standard” balance test
a. A visual acuity test and eyewear check b. An audiology exam to check for subtle changes in inner ear function c. Footwear analysis for uneven wear or inappropriate fit d. Modified CTSIB to check for inappropriate sensory reweighting
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