California Physical Therapy 26-Hour Summary Book

Move Better, Feel Better: A Movement Based Approach to Soft Tissue Mobilization for the Upper Body: Summary 33

Indications/Contraindications for Manual Techniques Indications Contraindications

Precautions

• Movement dysfunction • Musculoskeletal pain • Peripheral neuropathic pain • Muscle inhibition • Hyper-/hypotonicity • Tendinopathies • Edema reduction

• Open wound • Skin infection • Unhealed fracture • DVT/thrombophlebitis • Uncontrolled hypertension • Inflammatory conditions due to infection • Hematoma/myositis ossificans • Osteomyelitis • Decreased sensation in affected area • Pregnancy (first trimester over abdomen)

• Pregnancy (second and third trimesters)

• Anticoagulants • Varicose veins • Cancer • Autoimmune disorders • Chronic heart failure • Hematoma • Rheumatoid arthritis

IASTM

Proposed Benefits: • Pain relief/improved mobility • Neurophysiologic response (gate theory, DNIC or CMP, neuroplasticity) • Mechanical mechanisms (mechano-transduction, gliding of tissues, fluid dynamics) Application: • Can use tools made of different materials (plastic, metal) and different shapes: ○ Concave edge—more gentle; convex tool—more aggressive ○ The more vertical the tool, the more aggressive • Scan the tissue first to assess for texture (bumpy, gritty) • Start treatment in direction of least resistance/pain (proximal to distal, distal to proximal) • Start with tissue on slack and then can add stretch to increase intensity for reducing tone

Pros

Cons

• Patients report relief

• No strong research • Might not be better than placebo • Not a standalone treatment

and improved mobility

• Can be an effective adjunct treatment to exercise

Research: • Reduced pain

• Increased fibroblast proliferation in tendons • Improved collagen formation and orientation in ligaments • Reduced size/improved tissue quality for chronic tears • Physiological changes via: ○ Increased blood flow ○ Reduced tissue viscosity ○ Myofascial release ○ Interruption of pain receptors ○ Improvement of flexibility

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