____ Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias: Symptoms, Stages, and Communication Strategies Expanded Self-Assessment Quiz Question • Transportation and mobility
As AD progresses, additional support for both ADL and IADL may be needed. The person may respond with frustration, anxiety, and anger—all of which create stressful situations. Feelings of loss, an overall sense of fear, confusion, and a lack
12. As an AD patient experiences advanced symptoms, it is important to remember: A) To embrace the patient, not the behavior.
B) That the patient’s behavior can be controlled with affirmation. C) That the patient will not try to control their environment. D) To always ask the patient lots of questions.
of control can also impair IADL. Self-Assessment Quiz Question
13. Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) are different from activities of daily living (ADL) because IADL:
HELPING WITH DAILY LIVING
A) Require musical instruments. B) Are acquired with dementia.
ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING (ADL) AND INSTRUMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING (IADL) Activities of daily living (ADL) are functions of everyday living learned throughout life and encoded in unconscious thought. Implicit memory, which is acquired in early life and brain development, may not be impaired for some AD patients, leaving them with the ability to perform ADLs. FIf this is the case, the patient will be able to maintain aspects of health and independence for a longer period. Table 6 lists the basic activities of daily living.
C) Require more executive function and reasoning skills. D) There is no difference between IADL and ADL.
ADL/IADL STRATEGIES FOR ASSISTING IN THE EARLY STAGES OF AD Support for ADL/IADL will increase as the disease progresses. Progression occurs over an extended period, so it is important to design a meaningful, accommodating life. Table 6 identi- fies strategies that can assist the AD patient as the disease progresses over time. Healthcare Consideration: Caring for a patient with AD is expensive, and costs increase as more care is needed. Identify supportive services in the community, such as adult day care programs. These organizations can provide stimulation, socialization, and safety that can be beneficial to the person, as well as the caregiver (Gomez-Galleo & Gomez-Galleo, 2021). Always remain calm when supporting ADL and IADL. Gentle statements such as “We are going to go for a walk now—put one foot in front of the other” or “I will hold the cup while you put your coat on” can redirect and minimize potential agitation and conflict. Validate feelings, for example, “I see you are uncomfortable—let me check the front of your shirt.” Let the person see you as a humble ally. Self-Assessment Quiz Question
BASIC ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING
Eating Bathing Dressing Personal hygiene: Grooming and toileting Sit and stand Continence Walking/mobility Adapted from Lourenco et al., 2019
Table 6 Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) are activities that are not implicit but require executive function and reasoning skill. While IADL vary, they are intrinsic to everyday life and include: • Grocery shopping and meal preparation • Laundry • Housekeeping chores • Personal finance management • Safety and emergency response capability • Medication management
14. What would be a helpful rule of thumb for mealtimes? A) Provide adequate time for eating. B) Be spontaneous. C) Use familiar family heirloom cutlery. D) Eat in different rooms.
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