https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/ committee-opinion/articles/2018/01/importance-of- social-determinants-of-health-and-cultural-awareness-in- the-delivery-of-reproductive-health-care ● Birth Equity developed by the Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN) https://www.awhonn.org/birthequity/ ● The EveryONE Project™ developed by the American Academy of Family Physicians https://www.aafp.org/family-physician/patient-care/the- everyone-project.html Rationale: Everyone has a bias or biases, which begin from an early age. Our biases are considered part of a safety mechanism within our brain for navigating the world. They are based on the interactions of our daily environment. 2. The correct answer is A. Rationale: Biases are a protective mechanism affecting decisions made in the amygdala. This area of our brain makes decision within 10 seconds to determine if the Pre-Test Answers & Rationales 1. The correct answer is D.
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have developed. While most of our biases are learned in childhood, our biases can change throughout our life. 4. The correct answer is D. Rationale: It is important to know your personal biases so that you can stop the thought patterns that lead to biased reactions toward others. 5. The correct answer is D. Rationale: All the answer choices are biases. If one unknowingly has the biases, they are considered implicit. However, they can be considered explicit biases if we know we have the feelings.
situation and person are safe. 3. The correct answer is C.
Rationale: Implicit biases are also known as hidden biases or unconscious biases. They are biases we do not realize we
Self-Assessment Answers and Rationales
4. The correct answer is A . Rationale: While believing that a female cannot do math as well as a male is considered stereotyping, making the comment to a girl is considered a microinsult. Microinsults are a type of microaggression. Hair policies and gerrymandering are macroaggressions, which are systemic or organizational. 5. The correct answer is C . Rationale: Stereotypical response is taking time to recognize whether your response is based on a stereotype. If you recognize that it is a stereotype, take the time to identify what the stereotype is and why it occurred. Then take time to develop an alternative unbiased response in case the situation arises again. Validating whether the evidence supports your own perception and asking yourself how the person feels and thinks by imagining walking in their shoes is the perspective taking strategy.
1. The correct answer is C. Rationale: When the brain codes threatening, the activity shifts to its emotional area, the amygdala. The brain's emotional area will interpret and usually react incorrectly much more quickly than the analytical area because the amygdala plays a significant role in deciding and activating our fight-or-flight mode. 2. The correct answer is D. Rationale: Our brain automatically categorizes information obtained through our senses and extrapolates information about an individual based on observable traits, factors, and characteristics. The information gathered can be categorized as cultural stereotypes that include ethnicity, gender, age, weight, clothing, hobbies, grooming, and speech and are related to learned cultural stereotypes about this information. 3. The correct answer is B. Rationale: Discrimination is behavior that treats people unequally because of their group membership.
UNDERSTANDING, RECOGNIZING, AND MITIGATING IMPLICIT BIASES IN HEALTHCARE Final Examination Questions
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33. Most personal biases: a. Are subconscious
31. Which of the following biases involves looking favorably on the information that confirms your original belief? a. Anchoring bias b. Affinity bias c. Confirmation bias d. Overconfidence bias 32. Where are unconscious biases thought to develop from? a. Experiences b. People we interact with daily c. The environment we interact with daily d. All the above
b. Are learned behaviors c. Significantly affect decision-making d. All of the above 34. Cultural stereotyping and categorizing: a. Is a conscious process b. Activates analytic areas of the brain c. Categorizes others and situations as threatening or nonthreatening d. Does not affect the healthcare provider’s concern for patient wellbeing
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