Healthcare-Associated Infections _ ______________________________________________________________
TYPE AND DURATION OF PRECAUTIONS REQUIRED FOR INFECTIONS WITH POTENTIAL FOR OUTBREAKS
Infection/Condition Precaution Type Precaution Duration Notes Anthrax (cutaneous or pulmonary) Standard Ongoing
Use Contact Precautions if there is large amount of uncontained drainage from lesions. Use Contact Precautions and Airborne Precautions if there is massive soft-tissue infection with copious drainage.
Aspergillosis
Standard
Ongoing
Botulism
Standard
Ongoing
Not transmitted person-to-person.
Diphtheria (cutaneous or pharyngeal)
Standard (Contact, Droplet)
Until antibiotic therapy is completed and two cultures taken at least 24 hours apart are negative Duration to be determined on case-by- case basis, in conjunction with local, state, and federal health authorities
—
Ebola (viral hemorrhagic fever)
Standard, Contact, Droplet
Single patient room with the door closed preferred. Maintain log of all people entering the patient’s room. Use barrier protection against blood and body fluids upon entry into room (single gloves and fluid- resistant or impermeable gown, face/eye protection with masks, goggles or face shields). Use additional protective wear (double gloves, leg and shoe coverings) during final stages of illness when hemorrhage may occur. Use dedicated disposable (preferred) medical equipment for patient care. Clean/disinfect all nondedicated, nondisposable equipment. Limit use of needles, sharps as much as possible. Limit procedures, tests. Avoid aerosol-generating procedures. Notify public health officials immediately if Ebola is suspected. Discontinue antibiotics if appropriate. Use soap and water for hand-washing, as antiseptic handrubs lack sporicidal activity. Do not share equipment (e.g., electronic thermometers). Ensure consistent environmental cleaning and disinfection. Single patient room preferred or cohort. Use mask on patient when he or she is transported out of room. Use gown and gloves according to Standard Precautions. The duration of precautions for immunocompromised patients cannot be defined. Refer to CDC guidance (https://www.cdc.gov/flu/hcp/infection-control/healthcare- settings.html). Refer to CDC guidance (http://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources). Refer to CDC guidance (http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu). Install screens in windows and doors in endemic areas. Use Airborne Precautions for exposed susceptible patients. Susceptible healthcare staff should not enter the room if immune caregivers are available. Exclude susceptible healthcare staff from duty from day 5 after first exposure to day 21 after last exposure, regardless of post- exposure vaccine.
Contact
Duration of illness
Clostridioides difficile gastroenteritis
Influenza, seasonal
Standard, Droplet
7 days after onset of symptoms
Influenza, pandemic Standard, Droplet
7 days after onset of symptoms Duration of illness
Influenza, avian
Droplet
Malaria
Standard Airborne, Standard
Ongoing
Measles (rubeola), all presentations
4 days after onset of rash (duration of illness for immunocompromised patients )
Meningitis ( Haemophilus influenzae or Neisseria meningitidis [meningococcal] known or suspected)
Standard, Droplet
Until 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy
—
Meningococcal pneumonia
Droplet
Until 24 hours after initiation of effective therapy
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Table 21 continues on next page.
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