for osteoporosis patients are usually given in much lower doses and a reduced duration of administration compared to those uswed for oncology patients (Chan,et.al., 2018). However, in a systematic literature review of MRONJ in osteoporotic patients treated with oral bisphosphonates, the most common characteristics of those who developed ONJ were being female, being aged 60 years or older, and having had previous Conclusion The oral health of men and women differs for a variety of reasons ranging from biological differences to different roles and perceptions. Oral health issues of female patients also change throughout their life cycle. Most pubertal females with healthy gingiva will not develop gingival inflammation, but some individuals will have gingival inflammation with even minor accumulation of dental plaque. Many oral changes may occur with the start of menses and over the menstrual cycle, including swollen gingival tissues, activation of herpes labialis, aphthous ulcers, prolonged bleeding following oral surgery, and swollen salivary glands. Most evidence does not support a putative association between oral contraceptives and gingivitis or periodontitis, but further research is needed. During pregnancy, a woman is exposed to significant hormonal changes that, in turn, affect the oral tissues. Importantly, most References Academy for Eating Disorders. (n.d.). Information on eating disorders . https://web4health.info/en/med/docs/ acadeatdis.html Aldhalaan, N. A., BaQaia A., & Al-Omar, . (2020). Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: A review. Cureus. 12 (2), e6944. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov>articles>PMC7067354 Ali, I., Patthi, B., Singla, A., Gupta, R., Dhama, K., Niraj, L. K., … Prasad, M. (2016). Oral health and oral contraceptive – Is it a shadow behind broad day light? 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invasive dental treatment (Jeong et al., 2017; American Dental Association, 2019). Although Jeong and colleagues caution that in their study the gender disparity may actually be the result of more women than men taking bisphosphonates, women, especially older women, seem more prone to this condition even if only because they are more likely to require the medication. evidence supports a link between pregnancy outcomes and periodontal disease; however, treating periodontal disease has not been conclusively demonstrated to improve birth outcomes. During the middle years, female patients can experience a number of dental concerns, including temporomandibular joint dysfunction, trigeminal neuralgia, and other atypical facial pain. Oral findings in postmenopausal women may include decreased saliva, increased dental caries, burning mouth syndrome, alterations in taste, atrophic gingivitis, periodontitis, and osteoporosis of the mandible and maxilla. Because women represent the majority of the population, make the majority of healthcare decisions, and most often live longer than men, it is essential that the dental team continually gain knowledge about women’s oral health issues and appropriate interventions. González-Jaranay, M., Téllez, L., Roa-López, A., Gómez-Moreno, G., & Moreu, G. (2017). Periodontal status during pregnancy and postpartum . PLOS ONE, 12 (5), e0178234. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0178234 Grocholewicz, K., Janisszewska-Olszowska, J., Aniko-Wlodarczyk, M., Preuss, O., Trybek, G., Sobolewska, E., & Lipski, M. (2018). Panoramic radiographs and quantitative ultrasound of the radius and phalanx III to assess bone mineral status in postmenopausal women. BMC Oral Health, 18 (127). https://bmcoralhealth. biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-018-0593-4 Hamasni, F. M., El Hajj, F., & Abdallah, R. (2018). Single sitting surgical treatment of generalized aggressive periodontitis using GTR technique and immediate implant placement with 10-year follow-up. Case Reports in Dentistry, 6194042. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6194042 Hariri, R., & Alzoubi, E. E. (2017). Oral manifestations of menopause. Journal of Dental Health, Oral Disorders and Therapy, 7 (4), 306-309. https://medcraveonline.com/JDHODT/oral-manifestations-of-menopause.html Hartnett, E., Haber, J., Krainovich-Miller, B., Bella, A., Vasilyeva, A., & Kessler, J. L. (2016). Oral health in pregnancy . Journal of Obstetric, Gynecological and Neonatal Nursing, 45 , 565-573. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jogn.2016.04.005 HealthyPeople.gov. (n.d.). Arthritis, osteoporosis, and chronic back conditions . https://www.healthypeople. gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/Arthritis-Osteoporosis-and-Chronic-Back-Conditions Hennessy, B. J. (2020). Burning mouth syndrome. 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Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 22(2), 164-170. Kawar, N. I., Partovi, E., Hildebolt, C., McLeod, D., & Miley, D. D. (2016). Periodontal disease and preterm birth, is there any relationship? JBR Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Dental Sciences, 4 (4). https://doi. org/10.4172/2376-032X.1000202 Khairnar, M., Pawar, B., Marawar, P. P., & Raut, D. (2013). Correlation between periodontitis with pre-term birth and low birth weight and effect of non-surgical supportive periodontal therapy on pregnancy outcome in a rural set up in India. International Journal of Healthcare & Biomedical Research, 1 (2), 38-47. [Keeping this reference]. Khan, R. N., Jan, S. M., Ashraf, T., & Khairat-Rashidat-Ul. (2017). Dental management of patients receiving bisphosphonate therapy-A review. International Archives of Integrated Medicine, 4(2). https://iaimjournal. com>2017>027>iaim_2017_0402_12 Komine-Aizawa, S. , Aizawa, S., & Hayakawa, S. 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International Journal of Applies Dental Sciences: A review. 4 (4), 168-173. Lee, S. K. Y. & Hoerler, S. B. (2019). The importance of maternal-infant oral health . Dimensions of Dental Hygiene. https://dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/article%e2... Lee Young-Eun, Kim Ji-Hye, Cho Min-Jeong, Song Keun-Bae & Choi Youn-Hee. (2019). Effect of xylitol on caries prevention: A literature review. Journal of Korean Society of Dental Hygiene. https://www.Koreascience. or.kr>article>JAKO2... Lin, H. K., Fang, C. E., Huang, M. S., Cheng, H. C., Huang, T. W., Chang, H. T., & Tam, K. W. (2016). Effect of maternal use of chewing gums containing xylitol on transmission of mutans streptococci in children: A meta- analysis of randomized controlled trials. [Abstract]. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 26 (1), 35-44. Lindström, E., Rizoska, B., Henderson, I., Terelius, Y., Jerling, M., Edenius, C., & Grabowska, U. (2018). Nonclinical and clinical pharmacological characterization of the potent and selective cathepsin K inhibitor MIV- 711. Journal of Translational Medicine, 16 (125). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-018-1497-4 Lohana, M. H., Suragimath, G., Patange, R. P., Varma, S., & Zope, S. A. (2017). A prospective cohort study to assess and correlate the maternal periodontal status with their pregnancy outcome. Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology of India, 67 (1), 27-32. Lugo, K., Trinh, I., Gonzales, G., et. al. (2021). Contraceptives’ role in periodontal disease risk . Decisions in Dentistry. https://decisionsindentistry.com>article>contraceptive Machado, F. C., Cesar, D. E., Apolônio, A. C. M., Ribeiro, L. C., & Ribeiro, R. A. (2016). Longitudinal study on clinical and microbial analysis of periodontal status in pregnancy. Brazilian Oral Research, 30 (1). https://doi. org/10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2016.vol30.0087 Mani, A., James, R. & Mani, S. (2018). 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