______________________ The Impact of Vascular and Cardiovascular Diseases on Oral Health, 4th Edition
F inal E xam
THE IMPACT OF VASCULAR AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES ON ORAL HEALTH, 4TH EDITION
Select the best answer for each question and mark your answers on page 108. For faster service, complete your test online at EliteLearning.com/Book.
81. In the United States, the overall death rates from cardiovascular disease and stroke are:
87. Dentists must be aware of ways to prevent infective endocarditis since procedures in the oral cavity can cause:
A) Declining. B) Increasing. C) Remaining steady. D) Unknown.
A) Bacteremia. B) Hyperemia. C) Rheumatic fever. D) Cardiovascular disease.
82. The most prevalent circulatory disease in the United States in 2019 was: A) Stroke.
88. A common symptom of ischemic heart disease that can manifest as pain in the jaw and a burning sensation on the tongue and hard palate is: A) Angina pectoris. B) Xerostomia. C) A heart murmur. D) A streptococcal infection. 89. Borgnakke has shown that periodontal bacteria are able to invade coronary artery cells, linking persons with periodontal infection with a greater risk of: A) A heart murmur. B) Myocardial infarction. C) Palpitations. D) Gingival enlargement. 90. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are commonly implicated in lichenoid reactions and: A) Dentinal sensitivity. B) Taste alterations.
B) Coronary heart disease. C) Myocardial infarction. D) Hypertension.
83. The eighth leading cause of death in 2021 in the United States was: A) Cancer. B) Accidents. C) Heart disease. D) Diabetes. 84. Results from a prospective, large, population-based study in the United States by Lu and colleagues revealed that the risk of heart failure was significantly higher in: A) Hispanics.
B) Native Americans. C) Asian Americans. D) African Americans.
C) Salivary gland swelling. D) Gingival hyperplasia.
85. A growing number of studies show that the statistically significant association between
91. Calcium channel blockers used to treat hypertension, angina, and some arrhythmias can cause: A) Drug-induced gingival enlargement. B) Hypersalivation. C) Discoloration of teeth. D) Increased thirst. 92. Diuretics and other hypertensive drugs can result in: A) Tooth loss.
periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease is: A) Nonexistent.
B) Weak to moderate. C) Moderate to high. D) Very high.
86. According to Czerniuk et al., researchers have reported the presence of __________ bacteria in atheromatous plaque. A) Periodontal B) Carious C) Endocarditis D) Vascular
B) Discolored teeth. C) Hypersalivation. D) Hyposalivation.
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