DCA05DR Dental Radiation Health, Safety, and Protection, 3rd Edition _______________________________
DIAGNOSTIC EXAMINATIONS WITH TYPICAL EFFECTIVE DOSE
Type
Examination
Effective Dose (mSv) Effective Dose (mrem)
Medicine (exposure from single diagnostic x-ray)
Chest radiography Mammography Upper GI series
0.1
10 36
0.36
6.0
600
Coronary CT angiography
20
2,000
Kidney (filtration rate) 99m Tc DTPA Thyroid scan (sodium iodide-123)
Nuclear medicine (exposure from entire procedure)
6.0 1.9
600 190 400
Bone scan 99m Tc MDP Brain (PET) 18 F FDG
4
14.1
1,410 4,100
Heart stress-rest test 201 Tl chloride
41
Dental
Four bitewings PSP or F-speed film rectangular collimation
0.005
0.5
Panoramic
0.026
2.6
FM survey PSP or F-speed film rectangular collimation
35
3500
FM survey PSP or F-speed film round collimation 171 Dentoalveolar CBCT small and medium field view 0.019-0.860
17,100
1.9to 86.0 6.8 to 107.3
Maxillofacial CBCT large field view
0.068-1.073
FM = full mouth; PSP = photostimulable phosphor; CBCT = cone beam computed tomography. Source: Adapted from Benavides et al. (2024); Health Physics Society (2021); Radiology Info (2022); and Price (2023).
Table 2
SOURCE CONTRIBUTION TO ANNUAL EFFECTIVE DOSE
Type
Radiation Source
Percent Contribution
Effective Dose (mrem)
Effective Dose
Natural 3.1 mSv
Radon (internal inhalation)
37
2.28 0.33 0.29 0.21 1.47 0.77 0.43 0.33
228
Cosmic (space)
5 5 3
33 29 21
Internal terrestrial External terrestrial
Medical 3.0 mSv
Computed tomography
24 12
147
Nuclear medicine
77 43 33
Interventional fluoroscopy
7
Conventional radiography/fluoroscopy (dental 2.5%) 5
Other 0.1 mSv
Consumer
2
0.13
13
Occupational
<0.1 <0.1 100
0.005 0.003
0.5 0.3
Industrial All sources
Total
6.2
620
Source: Adapted from Health Physics Society (2020); U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (2020).
Table 3
92
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