DCA05DR Dental Radiation Health, Safety, and Protection, 3rd Edition _______________________________
Radiology: Branch of medical science that deals with the use of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Radionuclides: Nuclei that undergo radioactive decay and emit radiation. Radiosensitivity: Susceptibility or sensitivity of cells, tissues, and organs to the effects of ionizing radiation. Relative biologic effectiveness (RBE): Factor used to compare the biologic effects of absorbed doses of different types of ion- izing radiation in a particular tissue or organ. Secondary radiation: Scatter radiation produced as a result of the primary beam interaction with matter. Sensor: Solid-state detector that is used to capture a radio- graphic image. Stochastic effects: Probability of a biologic response to radia- tion as a function of dose; no threshold dose. Storage phosphor plate: Another term for photostimulable phosphor plate receptor. Terrestrial radiation: Radiation emitted from environmental sources—such as radioactive nuclides in the soil, radon, and radionuclides ingested or inhaled into the body. Therapeutic radiation: Radiation used to treat disease, par- ticularly certain types of cancer; often involving high doses of radiation delivered according to a specific dose plan. Threshold dose: Dose of radiation at which a biologic response first occurs.
or injury; dose limit. Natural radiation: Environmental background radiation that includes terrestrial, land, and cosmic sources. Particulate radiation: Radiation in the form of subatomic particles or particles emitted by radioactive decay of atoms; many subatomic particles are capable of causing ionization. Photostimulable phosphor plate (PSP): Indirect digital image receptor that utilizes barium europium fluorohalide-coated plates to capture and store the latent image until it can be laser scanned to produce a digital image. Pixel: Picture element; the individual cell in a digital image matrix. Primary radiation: X-ray beam that exits the tubehead and is directed at the patient to produce radiographs (also known as the primary beam or useful beam ). Radiation: Energy emitted and propagated through space in the form of waves or particles and transferred to matter. Radiation biology: Study of the effects of ionizing radiation on living tissues. Radiation weighting factor: Factor used for the purposes of radiation protection to account for differences in biologic effectiveness between different types of radiation. Radioactive disintegration: Process by which the nucleus spontaneously emits particles and energy in an effort to attain stability. Radioactivity: Rate of decay or disintegration of radioactive material.
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