___________________________________________________________________________ Colorectal Cancer
52. Which of the following is FALSE regarding guaiac- based fecal occult blood tests (gFOBT)? A) gFOBT is being phased out of clinical use. B) gFOBT has low specificity for colorectal cancer. C) Positive findings require colonoscopy confirmation. D) gFOBT discriminates intact from partially digested hemoglobin. 53. A surveillance colonoscopy interval of three years is recommended for which of the following baseline findings? A) No polyps
59. According to the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons and Cancer Care Ontario, which imaging modality is recommended for all patients with colorectal cancer to estimate disease stage and identify metastases? A) MRI scan
B) Colonoscopy C) PET imaging D) Contrast-enhanced CT
60. Which of the following clinical features is associated with worse prognosis of colorectal cancer? A) Bowel obstruction B) Ulcerative growth pattern C) Elevated preoperative CEA level D) All of the above 61. What is the standard treatment option for stage II colon cancer? A) Surgery B) Chemotherapy C) Radiation therapy D) Surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy 62. Which most accurately describes the use of radiation therapy in colon cancer? A) The role of radiation therapy is limited and poorly defined in colon cancer. B) Adjuvant radiation therapy is beneficial following colon cancer resection. C) Neoadjuvant radiation therapy in colon cancer is more effective due to well-oxygenated tissue target. D) All of the above 63. Which of the following is NOT a potential long-term morbidity of radiotherapy for rectal cancer? A) Sexual dysfunction
B) Serrated polyposis syndrome C) 1–2 small tubular adenomas D) Adenoma with high-grade dysplasia
54. Which of the following is NOT a broad colorectal carcinoma development pathway? A) The germline mutation pathway
B) The chromosome instability pathway C) The microsatellite instability pathway D) Inflammatory bowel disease dysplasia
55. Which type of polyps have the greatest malignant potential? A) Lymphoid polyps
B) Hyperplastic polyps C) Inflammatory polyps D) Adenomatous polyps
56. Long-term follow-up shows a malignancy rate in adenoma sites of
A) 10%. B) 25%. C) 45%. D) 70%.
57. Most colorectal cancers develop through which sequence? A) Adenoma, polyp, invasive carcinoma B) Polyp, adenocarcinoma, villous adenomas
B) Sphincter dysfunction C) Chronic bowel problems D) Bone marrow suppression
64. Which chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer is a novel anti-VEGF molecule that acts as a decoy receptor for VEGF-A
C) Normal epithelium, adenoma, adenocarcinoma D) Normal epithelium, adenoma, dysplastic adenoma
58. At the time of assessment, patients with right-sided colon cancer show high rates (nearly 90%) of A) anemia. B) rectal bleeding. C) abdominal mass. D) change in bowel habit.
and VEGF-B? A) Cetuximab B) Regorafenib C) Bevacizumab D) Ziv-aflibercept
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MDFL2626
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