Rule 4713-15-17: Rooms Used for Massage Therapy, Cosmetic Therapy, or Other Professional Services. If cosmetic therapy, massage therapy, or other professional services are provided in a salon, the individual providing the Bacteria Bacteria are microscopic, one-celled organisms that can be found anywhere in the environment including on skin, in air, water, soil, decaying material, and water. There are two types of bacteria, pathogenic and nonpathogenic, that are present everywhere. The pathogen types are the ones that cause infection and disease. The nonpathogenic type is sometimes referred to as good bacteria, such as the ones found in the body that help digest food and can boost the immune system. There are five types of pathogenic bacteria identified by their shape, and thousands of bacteria among these types. This chapter focuses on the pathogenic types that lead to infection and disease. Spherical cocci are the primary form of pathogenic bacteria. Streptococci and staphylococci cause about a third of all the bacterial infections of humans. Skin diseases like abscesses, boils, carbuncles, folliculitis, styes, and cystic acne come from cocci bacteria. They cause pneumonia, gonorrhea, gastroenteritis, meningitis, strep throat, urinary tract infections, and toxic shock that may lead to sepsis causing organ failure and death if untreated. Virus The second group of pathogens, viruses, are unique microorganisms that require a living host because they cannot survive or multiple independently. The host can be a plant, animal, human, or bacterium that the virus enters to inhabit the host’s cells. Fungus There are many types of fungus that thrive throughout the environment on plants, skin, surfaces, soil, and dust. Common fungal skin infections are athlete’s foot, ringworm, nail fungus, and yeast infections. Since fungi feed on dead tissue, they can thrive in a cosmetology setting where they may infect nails, scalp, hair, and any outer layer of skin. Fungi also require heat and moisture, so salons are perfect sites to support fungal growth. Fungi are spread through direct contact with people, animals, plants, soil, or contaminated surfaces. Parasites Parasites are living organisms that feed off the host, including head lice, body lice, mites, and ticks. Parasites burrow into the skin, lay eggs, and migrate under the skin, often leading to skin infection and disease. Parasitic disease includes scabies, pediculosis, tungiasis or sand flea disease, and cutaneous larva migrans caused by hookworm larva that infect and migrate in the upper epidermal layer. These diseases if untreated can lead to secondary infections like gangrene or necrotizing fasciitis. Bloodborne pathogens Cosmetologists and barbers hope to never encounter blood, but they all use implements that may accidentally cut the client, or themselves, so blood exposure must
service must comply with all infection control standards of their respective licensing agency, and the standards set forth in this chapter.
TYPES OF PATHOGENS
Rod-shaped bacilli bacteria cause skin disease including impetigo, erysipelas, necrotizing fasciitis, abscesses, gangrene, and wound infections. Other diseases include anthrax; peritonitis; endocarditis; ear, eye, and respiratory tract infections; food poisoning; and many of the same diseases as cocci bacteria. Spiral-shaped spirilla bacteria cause syphilis, yaws, leptospirosis, Lyme disease, dysentery, diarrhea, rat-bite fever, and recurring fevers. Contaminated water can spread these bacteria. Comma-shaped vibrios bacteria can cause a disease called vibriosis with symptoms of fever, chills watery diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and cramping. These bacteria can cause necrotizing fasciitis, food poisoning, and cholera and can be spread through contaminated water or shellfish. They may enter the body like most bacteria through broken skin. Corkscrew-shaped spirochaete bacteria cause the same diseases as spirilla. These bacteria may be transferred to humans through direct or indirect contact with insects or other animals. Viruses causes many diseases, including Covid-19; HIV; hepatitis; influenza; colds; chicken pox; shingles/herpes zoster; herpes simplex; warts; measles; mumps; polio; smallpox; yellow fever; rabies; respiratory infections; hand, foot, and mouth disease; pityriasis rosea; Epstein-Barr; and gastrointestinal infections. The human papillomavirus can cause various forms of cancer. Nail fungus is more common in the summer when it is warm, and fungus can be picked up when hands and feet are uncovered and grow under the nail. In addition to discoloration, the nail may lift from the skin, become thick and mishaped, or fall off. Ringworm in the scalp is known as tinea capitas and affects the skin and hair follicle. Symptoms are dry, scaly, itchy, red scalp and hair loss. It is called tinea barbae when found in the beard or mustache. Due to the contagion and seriousness of these pathogens, it is important to inspect and identify any nail, skin, or scalp condition that indicates the presence of infection or disease. According to the OCBB (2022) Chapter 4713-15-13, the cosmetologist may not provide services to a client “who has visible swelling, eruption, redness, bruising on skin, rash, or a parasitic infestation in the area where a service is to be performed without written permission from a physician.” Any staff member or owner that exhibits these symptoms may not provide any services.
be addressed. There are procedures to follow to prevent exposure and handle the situation should it occur.
Book Code: COH0326A
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