Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapy: Cancer, Hepatic/Biliary, and Renal Disease: Summary 92 Cervical • Viral infection may be involved in development • Pap smear is important diagnostic tool,
• Symptoms: Persistent vague GI complaints, abdominal discomfort, indigestion, early satiety, mild anorexia, ascites, and pelvic pain/mass Leukemia Malignant disease of the blood-forming organs. The most common malignancy in children and young adults. Leukemia develops in the bone marrow. The narrow becomes overcrowded with immature RBC/ WBC, which spill over into circulation, hampering production of RBC and causing anemia. Decreased platelet production results in thrombocytopenia and risk of bleeding. Decrease in normal WBC results in vulnerability to infection. 1. Acute—rapid onset/progression, with death occurring within days/months without appropriate therapy 2. Chronic—slower course, occurs in older population ○ Signs/symptoms: Fatigue, malaise, abnormal bleeding/excessive bruising, weakness, reduced exercise tolerance, weight loss, bone or joint pain, infection and fever Multiple Myeloma Primary malignant bone tumor associated with widespread osteolytic lesions; on radiograph, these lesions appear as punched out defects in bone. • Caused by excessive growth of plasma cells (WBC) originating in marrow that destroys bone tissue • Signs/symptoms: Bone pain and skeletal fractures; anemia, which causes fatigue, weight loss, and general discomfort; abnormally high calcium levels resulting in nausea, vomiting, altered mental states, headache, and paresthesia Hodgkin’s Disease (Lymphoma) Chronic progressive neoplastic disorder of lymphatic tissue, with painless enlargement of lymph nodes with metastases to liver and spleen; individuals with history of immunosuppression from illness, drug abuse,
since this CA is totally asymptomatic • Advanced disease symptoms: Painful intercourse, bleeding, and watery foul- smelling vaginal discharge • HPV: Approximately 79 million infected, with 14 million becoming newly infected each year; nearly all sexually active men and women will get at least one type of HPV at some point in their lives ○ Strains 16 and 18 ○ Genital warts: 360,000 persons in the U.S. annually ○ Other cancers HPV can cause: Vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal Endometrial • Affects individuals ages 55 to 70 years • Symptoms include vaginal bleeding during/after menopause or persistent premenopausal bleeding • Risk factors: Obesity, hypertension (HTN), type 2 diabetes (DM), prolonged hormone replacement therapy (HRT) Colorectal Fourth most common CA in both men and women; more common in people over age 50 and risk increases with age; polyps, growths inside the colon and rectum, may become cancerous • Risk factors: High-fat diet, family history, ulcerative colitis, or Crohn's disease • Symptoms: Change in bowel habits that lasts for more than a few days, feeling need to have bowel movement (BM) that is not relieved by doing so, rectal bleeding, dark stools (often, though, the stool will look normal), cramping/ abdominal pain, weakness/fatigue, unintended weight loss Ovarian Accounts for 50% of all deaths from gynecological CA • Affects individuals ages 40 to 70 years
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