Virginia Physical Therapy Ebook Continuing Education

25

Evaluation and Treatment of the Shoulder Complex: Summary

Dysfunctions associated with the anterior fascia include headaches from cervical forward head postures; deviations of scapula that can lead to subacromial impingement; increased humeral IR leading to subacromial

impingement; and median nerve entrapment at the pronator teres, elbow, biceps and tricps brachii, and underneath the pectoralis minor .

Lateral Muscular Anatomy of the Shoulder Complex

Proximal Attachment

Distal Attachment

Muscle

Function

Dysfunction

Superior translation of humerus on scapula, which leads to subacromial impingement

Deltoid (anterior, posterior and middle fibers)

Spine of scapula (posterior fibers), acromion process (middle fibers), and lateral third of clavicle (anterior fibers)

Deltoid tuberosity

Shoulder flexion/ IR (anterior fibers); shoulder abduction (all fibers); shoulder extension/ external rotations (posterior fibers)

Posterior Muscular Anatomy of Shoulder Complex

Proximal Attachment

Distal Attachment Intertubercular groove of humerus

Muscle

Function

Dysfunction

Latissimus dorsi Spinous process T7–T12,

Shoulder extension, adduction, and IR

Limited shoulder flexion

thoracolumbar fascia, inferior angle of scapula, and iliac crest

Pectoralis minor (deep muscle)

Ribs 3–5

Coracoid process of scapula

Anterior tilt of scapula; protraction of scapula

Anterior tilt of scapula and restricted range of motion in all planes at shoulder Anterior tilt of the scapula; humeral IR as a result of shortening of the short head; limited shoulder extension and ER

Biceps brachii (superficial muscle)

Short head– coracoid process; long head– supraglenoid tubercle

Radial tuberosity

Shoulder flexion and IR; elbow

flexion and supination

Coracobrachialis Coracoid process Midshaft of humeral

Shoulder flexion; shoulder IR

Anterior tilt of scapula; protraction of scapula

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