There is no role for tourniquets, pressure immobilization, electrical therapy, or venom extraction devices. Tap water, Conclusion Many animals native to the U.S. can envenomate, often resulting in significant morbidity and, occasionally, mortality. Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment for most of these clinical syndromes. Analgesia is essential. Antivenom is available for native snakebites and widow spider envenomations. Infection is exceptionally uncommon, particularly following terrestrial References 1. Mowry JB, Spyker DA, Brooks DE, et al. 2015 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 33rd annual report. Clin Toxicol. 2016 Nov 25;54(10):924-1109. 2. Gummin DD, Mowry JB, Spyker DA, et al. 2016 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 34th annual report. Clin Toxicol. 2017;55(10):1072-1252. 3. 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ethanol, and urine do not inactivate the nematocysts and should not be used in cnidarian envenomations.
envenomations, and antibiotics should not be administered prophylactically. Similarly, the risk of surgery almost always outweighs the benefits. Consultation with an envenomation expert is recommended before proceeding with any invasive intervention.
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