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THE ESSENTIALS OF INFECTION PREVENTION Self-Assessment Answers and Rationales
1. The correct answer is C. Rationale: Standard precautions would apply to nonintact skin when there is a higher risk of transmission or exposure to body fluids (OSHA, 1991). 2. The correct answer is D. Rationale: The CDC and the World Health Organization (WHO) published hand hygiene guidelines in healthcare (CDC, 2002; WHO, 2009a). Hand hygiene should be performed during all these instances to prevent the transmission of infection. 3. The correct answer is C. Rationale: Healthcare workers transmit pathogens from one patient to another via their hands (CDC, 2002; WHO, 2009a). Transmission occurs by contaminating hands from the patient’s skin or inanimate object close to the patient, lack of (or inadequate) hand hygiene, and then the contaminated hands
coming in direct contact with another patient or an inanimate object that will encounter another patient. Essentially, transient flora (microorganisms) colonizes the superficial layers of the HCWs’ skin, and these floras can be removed by routine hand hygiene. The organism’s transmissibility depends on the organism’s species and the number of microorganisms present in the environment. 4. The correct answer is D. Rationale: All items listed except the oxygen tank are examples of high-touch surfaces (CDC, 2020). The recommended cleaning schedule is daily for high-touch surfaces. Cleaning summaries, including frequency, can be found at: https://www.cdc.gov/hai/ prevent/resource-limited/general-areas.html
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