97
Return to Sport: Running Injuries in Student-Athletes: Summary
occurred over the last 2 years. For males, screening for signs of low testosterone is important, including loss of facial hair, sexual dysfunction, or loss of morning erections. Similarly, discussing proper sleep hygiene is important in youth athletes. Poor sleep affects every system of your body, including the ability to perceive pain. In youth athletes, specifically, sleeping <8 hours per night was associated with 1.7 times higher chance of injury. Risk Assessment Tools Table 2. Triad Cumulative Risk Assessment (Triad CRA) Six risk factors stratified into low (0), moderate (1), or high risk (2): • Low energy availability • Amenorrhea/
There are two common tools (Tables 2 and 3) to help with categorizing athletes into low, moderate, and high risk. Those in the low risk category can continue training. Athletes in the moderate risk category require some modifications to their training, diet, or lifestyle and should require some medical clearance to train or compete. Finally, athletes in the high risk category should be restricted from training and competing until other issues are addressed. For females, asking about menstrual cycles can be very beneficial in determining overall energy availability to maintain the endocrine system. Questions should include date of first period, last period, and how often they have LEARNING TIP! Nutrition screening for youth athletes may include a food diary and questions regarding energy levels and menstruations (for females).
oligomenorrhea • Low bone mineral density • Bone stress injury
• Low BMI • Delayed
menarche
Total score : 0–1: Low risk; 2–5: Moderate risk; 6+ High risk
Table 3. Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport Clinical Assessment Tool (RED-S CAT) High Risk Moderate Risk Low Risk • Eating disorder • Other serious medical disorder • Extreme weight loss techniques • Abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) • Substantial or prolonged weight loss • Menstrual dysfunction • Prolonged relative energy deficiency • Abnormal lab values • Healthy eating habits • Functioning endocrine system • Healthy bone mineral density • Healthy musculoskeletal system
(white blood count [WBC], ferritin, testosterone, T3)
Powered by FlippingBook