these units may strip off the surface coating of an implant. Additionally, the air pressure may detach the soft tissue connection with the coronal portion of the implant, leading to emphysema. However, dental providers can polish the titanium or titanium alloy surfaces of dental implants using a rubber cup along with a nonabrasive polishing paste or a gauze strip with tin oxide. Current research has indicated that nonsurgical therapy is an effective means of implant maintenance if performed properly. Research suggests that a sonic scaler with a plastic tip and rubber cup for polishing is more effective on implant surfaces than other conventional scalers, such as titanium or other air- driven powder techniques (Hatfield, 2021). Although professional dental care of implants is essential, home care techniques used to maintain endosseous dental implants are also highly important. Dental providers should teach patients the modified Bass technique of brushing using a soft-bristled toothbrush with a medium-sized head. Dental providers should encourage the use of intradental brushes by implant patients only after they have received instruction on their proper use. To avoid scratching the implant surface, patients should only use the plastic-coated wire brush to clean dental implants. Automated mechanical toothbrushes have been advocated for daily tooth cleaning because they are superior to manual Conclusion Many factors have to be considered when deciding on the best type of implant for a specific patient. The two main types of dental implants are endosteal implants or subperiosteal. The benefits and risks of each should be discussed with the patient so an educated and evidence- based decision can be reached. During the early years of dental implantology, the focus was on the surgical phase and ensuring the long-term success of osseointegrated implants. In the following years, the focus References American Academy of Implant Dentistry. (2022). Types of implants and techniques . https:// www.aaid-implant.org/what-are-dental-implants/types-of-implants-and-techniques/ Atout Reem, Hamdan Nader and Tsourounakia Ioannis. Introduction to Understanding the Basics of Teeth vs. Dental Implants: Similarities and Differences. Pocket Dentistry. November 21, 2018. https://pocketdentistry.com/introduction-to-understanding-the- basics-of-teeth-vs-dental-implants-similarities-and-differences/ Bansal P, Dhanya, Bansal P, Singh H, Shanta. Dental implant maintenance-“how to do?” & “what to do”-A review. J Adv Med Dent Sci Res. 2019;7:24-29.Berglundh T, Armitage G and Araujo MG, et al. Peri-implant disease and conditions: Consensus report of workgroup 4 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri- Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Clin Periodontol 2018;89(Suppl 20): S286-S291. Caton JG, Armitage G, Berglundh T, et al., A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions-introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification. J Periodontol. 2018;45 (Suppl 1): S1-S8. Coli Pierluigi and Sennerby Lars. Is Peri-Implant Probing Causing Over-Diagnosis and Over-Treatment of Dental Implants> Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019 August;8(8):1123 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov>articles>PMC6722911 Ebenezer, S., Kumar, V.V., Thor, A. (2021). Basics of Dental Implantology for the Oral Surgeon. In: Bonanthaya, K., Panneerselvam, E., Manuel, S., Kumar, V.V., Rai, A. (eds) Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician. Springer, Singapore. https://doi. org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_18 Fody Allison and Marsh Lynn. Importance of Implant Maintenance. Dimensions of Dental Hygiene. April 28, 2020. https://dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com>Articles Hatfield Spring. Implant Maintenance: An Overview. Today’s RDH. February 8, 2021. https://www.todaysrdh.com>PatientCare Healthline. (2021). Everything you need to know about mini dental implants . https://www. healthline.com/health/mini-dental-implants Hupp, J. (2017). Introduction to implant dentistry: a student guide. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , 75(2), 2-100. https://www.joms.org/pb/assets/raw/Health%20 Advance/journals/yjoms/YJOMS752S.pdf Hutto Trina L and Liberman, Leila H. Improve Implant Outcomes With Periodontal Maintenance. Decisions in Dentistry. April 17, 2020. https://decisionsindentitry. com>Articles
toothbrushes in removing plaque and for interproximal cleaning (Kanathila, et al., 2018). These devices can have rotary, reciprocating, or sonic action. The key to using these instruments effectively in the home is proper instruction on their operation and then diligent daily use by the patient. As with natural dentition, flossing and other adjunctive cleaning aids are valuable. As with dentate patients, the dental provider should also tailor the implant patient’s home care requirements according to his or her needs (i.e., based on the location and angulation of the dental implants, the position and length of the transmucosal abutments, the type of prosthesis, and the manual dexterity of the patient). Another popular cleansing method is the use of oral irrigators with or without the addition of antimicrobial solutions. In addition, preventive maintenance can include daily rinsing with an oral antimicrobial solution (e.g., chlorhexidine; (Kanathila, et al., 2018). Recently, a systematic review reported that there is a lack of information regarding optimal at-home maintenance techniques for implant-supported restorations. Current recommendations are based on knowledge from hygiene protocols for natural teeth. Additional studies are needed to fill in this gap in the literature and better advise patients in the future (Pirc and Dragan, 2017). shifted to proper fixture placement, which is dictated by the prosthetic and aesthetic needs in each case. Today, professional implant maintenance and diligent home care are critical for the long-term success of dental implants. The microbiota and clinical presentation of peri-implantitis are the same as those for periodontitis around a natural tooth, and they require the same diligent professional and home care to prevent damage to the surrounding hard and soft tissues. Kandasamy B, Samson EP, Yaqoob A, Pandey P, Deenadayalan S, Das I. Evaluation of clinical parameters in implant maintenance phase for prevention of peri-implantitis. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2018;8:361-364. Kanathila Hema, Pangi Ashwin, Benakatti Veena and Patil Suvidha. Maintenance of dental implants: A way to long term success: A review. International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences. 2018;4(2):104-107. https://www.oraljournal.com>pdf>PartB Pirc Miha and Dragan Irina F. The Key Points of Maintenance Therapy for Dental Implants: A Literature Review. Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry. April 2017. Vloume 38, Isue 4. https://aegisdentalnetwork.com>cced>2017/04 Pocket Dentistry. Should Cone Beam Computed Tomography Be Routinely Obtained in Implant Planning? April 27, 2020. https://pocketdentistry.com/should-cone-beam- computed-tomography-be-routinely-obtained-in-implant-planning/ Rosen Paul S. What is an Effective Method for Treatment of Peri-implantitis? Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry. July /August 2020. Volume 41. Issue 7. https://www. aegisdentalnetwork.comcced.2020/07 Shankar T, Gowd M Snigdha, Ranjan Rajeev, Salaluddin Md, Singh Dhirenda K and Kore Shobba. Peri-Implantitis: A Concern for Implant Failure. International Journal of Oral Care and Research. September 2016. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310798934_ Peri- implantitis_A_Concern_for_Implant_Failure Stewart B, Shibli JA, Araujo M, et al. Effects of a toothpaste contatining 0.3% triclosan in the maintenance phase of peri-implantitis treatment: 2-year randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2018;29:973-985. Van Velzen, F.J., Lang, N.P., Schulten, E.A., Ten Bruggenklate, C.M. Dentalfloss as a posible risk for the development of peri-implant disease: an observational study of 10 cases. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016 May;27(5):618-21. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2621052 Wang Wendy CW, Lagoudis Miltiadis, Yeh Che-Wei, and Paranhos Klenise S. Management of peri-implantitis-a contemporary synopsis. Singapore Dental Journal. 38(2017). 8-16. https://www.frontiersin.org>fdmed.2021.659361>full Wilson Thomas G. Treatment of Peri-implant Diseases. Decisions in Dentistry. June 17, 2020. https://www.decisionsindentistry.com>Articles
MAINTAINING DENTAL IMPLANTS, 2ND EDITION Final Examination Questions Select the best answer for each question and mark your answers on the Final Examination Answer Sheet found on page 170, or complete your test online at EliteLearning.com/Book
1. Direct anchorage of the dental implant body to alveolar bone, which provides the foundation for a prosthesis and transmits occlusal forces to the alveolar bone, is referred to as: a. Osseointegration. b. Ankyloses. c. Fibrointegration. d. Load transfer.
2. The current focus of implant dentistry is: a. Exploring new surgical techniques. b. The concept of osseointegration.
c. The long-term health of peri-implant tissues. d. Proper prosthesis fitting.
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