rehabilitation program is recommended to include three criterion-based phases: impairment-based, functional-based, and return-to-activity phase. Integration of neuromuscular control of the lower extremity to ACL rehabilitation is a key factor to improving knee joint dynamic stability, correcting gait pattern, and improving knee functional performance (Chmielewski, Hurd, Rudolph, et al., 2005). Decisions for progressing through the rehabilitation program depend on meeting clinical milestones, the absence of adverse responses and muscle soreness, and patients’ ability to perform the activity. Incorporating a testing Glossary ● allograft : Graft tissue transplanted from a donor’s body, typically a cadaver. ● anthropometric : Referring to measurement of the human body. ● arthrofibrosis : Restriction of joint motion secondary to excessive scar tissue response. ● arthrogenic : Originating in the joint. ● autograft : Graft from the same individual. ● bundle : A group of fibers arranged parallel to each other that work together to provide stability in a specific direction. ● carioca : A forward and backward leg crossover while moving laterally in right and left directions. Adams, D., Logerstedt, D., Hunter-Giordano, A., Axe, M. J., & Snyder-Mackler, L. (2012). Current concepts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A criterion-based rehabilitation progression. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 42(7), 601- 614. http://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2012.3871 Aerts, I., Cumps, E., Verhagen, E., Wuyts, B., Van De Gucht, S., & Meeusen, R. (2015). The effect of a 3-month prevention program on the jump-landing technique in basketball: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 24(1), 21-30. http://doi. org/10.1123/jsr.2013-0099 Ageberg, E., Pettersson, A., & Fridén, T. (2007). 15-year follow-up of neuromuscular function in patients with unilateral nonreconstructed anterior cruciate ligament injury initially treated with rehabilitation and activity modification: A longitudinal prospective study. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(12), 2109-2117. http://doi.org/10.1177/0363546507305018 Ageberg, E., Thomeé, R., Neeter, C., Silbernagel, K. G., & Roos, E. M. (2008). Muscle strength and functional performance in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury treated with training and surgical reconstruction or training only: A two to five-year follow- up. Arthritis Care and Rheumatism, 59(12), 1773-1779. http://doi.org/10.1002/art.24066 References Agel, J., Rockwood, T., & Klossner, D. (2016). Collegiate ACL injury rates across 15 sports: National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System Data Update (2004-2005 through 2012-2013). Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine: Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine, 26(6), 518-523. http://doi.org/10.1097/ JSM.0000000000000290 Aglietti, P., Buzzi, R., Zaccherotti, G., & De Biase, P. (1994). Patellar tendon versus doubled semitendinosus and gracilis tendons for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 22(2), 211-218. http://doi.org/10.1177/036354659402200210 Ahldén, M., Samuelsson, K., Sernert, N., Forssblad, M., Karlsson, J., & Kartus, J. (2012). The Swedish National Anterior Cruciate Ligament Register: A report on baseline variables and outcomes of surgery for almost 18,000 patients. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(10), 2230-2235. http://doi.org/10.1177/0363546512457348 Alentorn-Geli, E., Myer, G. D., Silvers, H. J., Samitier, G., Romero, D., Lázaro-Haro, C., & Cugat, R. (2009). Prevention of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer players. Part 1: Mechanisms of injury and underlying risk factors. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy: Official Journal of the ESSKA, 17(7), 705-729. http://doi. org/10.1007/s00167-009-0813-1 Amis, A. A., & Dawkins, G. P. (1991). Functional anatomy of the anterior cruciate ligament. Fibre bundle actions related to ligament replacements and injuries. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume, 73(2), 260-267. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/2005151 Anderson, M. J., Browning, W. M., III, Urband, C. E., Kluczynski, M. A., & Bisson, L. J. (2016). A systematic summary of systematic reviews on the topic of the anterior cruciate ligament. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 4(3), 2325967116634074. http://doi. org/10.1177/2325967116634074 Andriacchi, T. P., & Mündermann, A. (2006). The role of ambulatory mechanics in the initiation and progression of knee osteoarthritis. Current Opinion in Rheumatology, 18(5), 514-518. http://doi.org/10.1097/01.bor.0000240365.16842.4e Andriacchi, T. P., Koo, S., & Scanlan, S. F. (2009). Gait Mechanics Influence Healthy Cartilage Morphology and Osteoarthritis of the Knee. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American), 91, 95-101. https://doi.org/10.2106/ JBJS.H.01408 AOSSM. (2009). IKDC Knee Forms. American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine. Retrieved from http://www.sportsmed.org/aossmimis/Members/Research/ IKDC_Forms/ Ardern, C. L., Österberg, A., Tagesson, S., Gauffin, H., Webster, K. E., & Kvist, J. (2014). The impact of psychological readiness to return to sport and recreational activities after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(22), 1613-1619. http://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-093842 Ardern, C. L., Taylor, N. F., Feller, J. A., & Webster, K. E. (2012). Return-to-sport outcomes at 2 to 7 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(1), 41-48. http://doi.org/10.1177/0363546511422999 Ardern, C. L., Taylor, N. F., Feller, J. A., & Webster, K. E. (2013). A systematic review of the psychological factors associated with returning to sport following injury. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(17), 1120-1126. http://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091203 Ardern, C. L., Taylor, N. F., Feller, J. A., & Webster, K. E. (2014). Fifty-five per cent return to competitive sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis including aspects of physical functioning and contextual factors. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(21), 1543-1552. http://doi. org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-093398 Ardern, C. L., Taylor, N. F., Feller, J. A., Whitehead, T. S., & Webster, K. E. (2013). Psychological responses matter in returning to preinjury level of sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(7), 1549-1558. http://doi.org/10.1177/0363546513489284 Ardern, C. L., Webster, K. E., Taylor, N. F., & Feller, J. A. (2010). Hamstring strength recovery after hamstring tendon harvest for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A comparison between graft types. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery: Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association, 26(4), 462-469. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2009.08.018 Ardern, C. L., Webster, K. E., Taylor, N. F., & Feller, J. A. (2011a). Return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the state of play. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(7), 596-606. http://doi.org/10.1136/ bjsm.2010.076364 Ardern, C. L., Webster, K. E., Taylor, N. F., & Feller, J. A. (2011b). Return to the preinjury level of competitive sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery: Two-thirds
battery of objective measures to determine the patients’ readiness may warrant successful outcomes after reconstruction. With advanced surgical techniques and rehabilitation guidelines reaffirmed by the latest evidence-based practice, therapists can provide patients with the best outcomes after the ACL injury and reconstruction surgery. Investigators continue to push ACL research forward to provide therapists with the best rehabilitation guidelines and with effective objective measures for determining the progression and return to preinjury activity levels. ● drop-out cast : A cylindrical splint with pads placed under the heel, with its front side cut along the entire length of the splint so it can be slipped on and off the leg. ● dynamometry : Measurement of force using a device called a dynamometer . ● hemarthrosis : Blood in the joint. ● mechanoreceptor : Sensory receptor that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion. ● plyometric : Referring to activities using maximal force in the shortest time possible to increase speed and power. ● Q-angle : Angle formed in the frontal plane between the upper leg and the lower leg. ● somatosensation : Sensory activity, including proprioception and the sensations of touch, temperature, and pain. of patients have not returned by 12 months after surgery. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(3), 538-543. http://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510384798 Arendt, E., & Dick, R. (1995). Knee injury patterns among men and women in collegiate basketball and soccer: NCAA data and review of literature. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 23(6), 694-701. http://doi.org/10.1177/036354659502300611 Arhos, E. K., Capin, J. J., Buchanan, T. S., & Snyder-Mackler, L. (2021). Quadriceps Strength Symmetry Does Not Modify Gait Mechanics After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Rehabilitation, and Return-to-Sport Training. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(2), 417-425. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546520980079 Arneja, S., & Leith, J. (2009). Review article: Validity of the KT-1000 knee ligament arthrometer. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery (Hong Kong), 17(1), 77-79. http://doi. org/10.1177/230949900901700117 Arroll, B., Robb, G., Sutich, E., & Accident Compensation Corporation. (2003). The diagnosis and management of soft tissue knee injuries: Internal derangements. Best practice evidence-based guideline. New Zealand Guidelines Group, 1-99. Arundale, A. J. H., Cummer, K., Capin, J. J., Zarzycki, R., & Snyder-Mackler, L. (2017). Report of the clinical and functional primary outcomes in men of the ACL-SPORTS Trial: Similar outcomes in men receiving secondary prevention with and without perturbation training 1 and 2 years after ACL reconstruction. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 1-12. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-017-5280-2 Arundale, A. J. H., Capin, J. J., Zarzycki, R., Smith, A. H., & Snyder-Mackler, L. (2018a). Functional and Patient-Reported Outcomes Improve Over the Course of Rehabilitation: A Secondary Analysis of the ACL-SPORTS Trial. Sports Health, 10(5), 441-452. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738118779023 Arundale, A., Capin, J. J., Zarzycki, R., Smith, A. H., & Snyder-Mackler, L. (2018b). Two Year ACL Reinjury Rate of 2.5%: Outcomes Report of the Men in a Secondary ACL Injury Prevention Program (ACL-SPORTS). International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 13(3), 422-431. https://doi.org/10.26603/ijspt20180422 Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. http://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191 Barber, S. D., Noyes, F. R., Mangine, R. E., McCloskey, J. W., & Hartman, W. (1990). Quantitative assessment of functional limitations in normal and anterior cruciate ligament- deficient knees. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 255, 204-214. Barber-Westin, S. D., & Noyes, F. R. (2011a). Factors used to determine return to unrestricted sports activities after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery: Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association, 27(12), 1697- 1705. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2011.09.009 Barber-Westin, S. D., & Noyes, F. R. (2011b). Objective criteria for return to athletics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and subsequent reinjury rates: A systematic review. Physician and Sportsmedicine, 39(3), 100-110. http://doi.org/10.3810/psm.2011.09.1926 Barenius, B., Ponzer, S., Shalabi, A., Bujak, R., Norlén, L., & Eriksson, K. (2014). Increased risk of osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A 14-year follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(5), 1049-1057. http://doi.org/10.1177/0363546514526139 Barrack, R. L., Bruckner, J. D., Kneisl, J., Inman, W. S., & Alexander, A. H. (1990, October). The outcome of nonoperatively treated complete tears of the anterior cruciate ligament in active young adults. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 259, 192-199. Bell, D. R., Smith, M. D., Pennuto, A. P., Stiffler, M. R., & Olson, M. E. (2014). Jump-landing mechanics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A landing error scoring system study. Journal of Athletic Training, 49(4), 435-441. http://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050- 49.3.21 Bell, D. R., Pfeiffer, K. A., Cadmus-bertram, L. A., Trigsted, S. M., Kelly, A., Post, E. G., Hart, J. M., Cook, D. B., Dunn, W. R., & Kuenze, C. (2017). Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Patients After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(8), 1893-1900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546517698940 Benjaminse, A., Gokeler, A., & van der Schans, C. P. (2006). Clinical diagnosis of an anterior cruciate ligament rupture: A meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 36(5), 267-288. http://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2006.2011 Benum, P. (1982). Operative mobilization of stiff knees after surgical treatment of knee injuries and posttraumatic conditions. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, 53(4), 625-631. Beynnon, B. D., & Fleming, B. C. (1998). Anterior cruciate ligament strain in-vivo: A review of previous work. Journal of Biomechanics, 31(6), 519-525. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0021- 9290(98)00044-X Beynnon, B. D., Johnson, R. J., Abate, J. A., Fleming, B. C., & Nichols, C. E. (2005). Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries, Part I. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(10), 1579-1602. http://doi.org/10.1177/0363546505279913 Beynnon, B. D., Uh, B. S., Johnson, R. J., Abate, J. A., Nichols, C. E., Fleming, B. C., … Roos, H. (2005). Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of programs administered over 2 different time intervals. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(3), 347-359. http://doi. org/10.1177/0363546504268406 Biau, D. J., Tournoux, C., Katsahian, S., Schranz, P. J., & Nizard, R. S. (2006). Bone- patellar tendon-bone autografts versus hamstring autografts for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament: Meta-analysis. BMJ, 332(7548), 995-1001. http://doi.org/10.1136/ bmj.38784.384109.2F Birmingham, T. B., Bryant, D. M., Giffin, J. R., Litchfield, R. B., Kramer, J. F., Donner, A., & Fowler, P. J. (2008). A randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of functional knee brace and neoprene sleeve use after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(4), 648-655. http://doi. org/10.1177/0363546507311601
EliteLearning.com/ Physical-Therapy
Page 73
Powered by FlippingBook