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• Practice of Religious Beliefs: if, upon investigation, the county agency determines that a child has not been provided needed medical or surgical care because of sincerely held religious beliefs of the child’s parents or relative within the third degree of consanguinity and with whom the child resides, which beliefs are consistent with those of a bona fide religion, the child shall not be deemed to be physically or mentally abused. In such cases the following shall apply: 1. The county agency shall closely monitor the child and the child’s family and shall seek court-ordered medical intervention when the lack of medical or surgical care threatens the child’s life or long-term health. 2. All correspondence with a subject of the report and the records of the department and the county agency shall not reference child abuse and shall acknowledge the religious basis for the child’s condition. 3. The family shall be referred for general protective services, if appropriate. 4. This subsection shall not apply if the failure to provide needed medical or surgical care causes the death of the child. 5. This subsection shall not apply to any childcare service as defined in this chapter, excluding an adoptive parent. • Use of Force For Supervision, Control and Safety Purposes: subject to subsection (d), the use of reasonable force on or against a child by the child’s own parent or person responsible for the child’s welfare shall not be considered child abuse if any of the following conditions apply: ° The use of reasonable force constitutes incidental, minor or reasonable physical contact with the child or other actions that are designed to maintain order and control. ° The use of reasonable force is necessary: − to quell a disturbance or remove the child from the scene of a disturbance that threatens physical injury to persons or damage to property − to prevent the child from self-inflicted physical harm − for self-defense or the defense of another individual − to obtain possession of weapons or other dangerous objects or controlled substances or paraphernalia that are on the child or within the control of the child.
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Participation in Events that Involve Physical Contact with Child: an individual participating in a practice or competition in an interscholastic sport, physical education, a recreational activity or an extracurricular activity that involves physical contact with a child does not, in itself, constitute contact that is subject to the reporting requirements of this chapter. Child-on-Child Contact: ° Harm or injury to a child that results from the act of another child shall not constitute child abuse unless the child who caused the harm or injury is a perpetrator. ° Notwithstanding the previous paragraph, the following shall apply: ° Acts constituting any of the following crimes against a child shall be subject to the reporting requirements of this chapter: 1. Rape as defined in 18 Pa.C.S. § 3121 (relating to rape); 2. Involuntary deviate sexual intercourse as defined in 18 Pa.C.S. § 3123 (relating to involuntary deviate sexual intercourse); 3. Sexual assault as defined in 18 Pa.C.S. § 3124.1 (relating to sexual assault); 4. Aggravated indecent assault as defined in 18 Pa.C.S. § 3125 (relating to aggravated indecent assault); 5. Indecent assault as defined in 18 Pa.C.S. § 3126 (relating to indecent assault); and 6. Indecent exposure as defined in 18 Pa.C.S. § 3127 (relating to indecent exposure). ° No child shall be deemed to be a perpetrator of child abuse based solely on physical or mental injuries caused to another child in the course of a dispute, fight or scuffle entered into by mutual consent. ° A law enforcement official who receives a report of suspected child abuse is not required to make a report to the department under section 6334(a) (relating to disposition of complaints received), if the person allegedly responsible for the child abuse is a non-perpetrator child. Defensive Force: reasonable force for self- defense or the defense of another individual, consistent with the provisions of 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 505 (relating to use of force in self- protection) and 506 (relating to use of force for the protection of other persons), shall not be considered child abuse.
Intentionally: A person acts intentionally with respect to a material element of an offense when: (i) if the element involves the nature of his conduct or a result thereof, it is his conscious object to engage in conduct of that nature or to cause such a result; and (ii) if the element involves the attendant circumstances, he is aware of the existence of such circumstances or he believes or hopes that they exist. Knowingly: A person acts knowingly with respect to a material element of an offense when: (i) if the element involves the nature of his conduct or the attendant circumstances, he is aware that his conduct is of that nature or that such circumstances exist; and (ii) if the element involves a result of his conduct, he is aware that it is practically certain that his conduct will cause such a result. Recklessly: A person acts recklessly with respect to a material element of an offense when he consciously disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk that the material element exists or will result from his conduct. The risk must be of such a nature and degree that, considering the nature and intent of the actor’s conduct and the circumstances known to him, its disregard involves a gross deviation from the standard of conduct that a reasonable person would observe in the actor’s situation.
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Exclusions to the definition of “Child Abuse” Although there are legal exclusions to the definition of child abuse, the investigating agency makes that determination when substantiating a report. These are not exclusions to reporting suspected child abuse. Only suspicion, not proof, is needed when making the report. A report should be made when a person has reasonable cause to suspect that a child is a victim of child abuse. The term “child abuse” does not include any conduct for which an exclusion is provided in section 6304 including: • Environmental Factors: no child shall be deemed to be physically or mentally abused based on injuries that result solely from environmental factors, such as inadequate housing, furnishings, income, clothing and medical care, that are beyond the control of the parent or person responsible for the child’s welfare with whom the child resides. This subsection does not apply to any child-care service as defined in this chapter, excluding an adoptive parent.
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Recognition of Child Abuse (i.e., indicators) In order to help abused children, clinicians must first learn to recognize the symptoms of child abuse. Although child abuse is divided into five types — physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional maltreatment, neglect, and human trafficking — the types often overlap.
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Rights Of Parents: nothing in this chapter shall be construed to restrict the generally recognized existing rights of parents to use reasonable force on or against their children for the purposes of supervision, control, and discipline of their children. Such reasonable force shall not constitute child abuse.
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