aftershave lotions, coal tar, plants, certain perfumes, and oils) and is then exposed to sunlight, resulting in a reaction that may spread to other areas of skin not initially exposed to the sunlight. ● Contact dermatitis : This is a red, itchy rash occurring on areas of the body that have been directly exposed to a substance. The rash is not contagious but can be very uncomfortable. Many substances can cause such reactions including cosmetics, fragrance, personal care products, fabrics, hair dye, detergents, plants, pesticides, jewelry, paint, and medication. ● Seborrheic dermatitis : This is inflammation of the sebaceous glands, a characteristic skin rash that affects the scalp and other areas of the body. This condition tends to occur on clients with oily skin and in areas where the oil glands are the most extensive such as the scalp, face, chest, and upper back. Seborrheic dermatitis is characterized by red, scaly, itchy, swollen, greasy patches that may appear on the face, including eyebrows, ears, nose, forehead, and hairline. Flare-ups are frequent during the winter season when the climate is cold and dry. ● Biofeedback/hypnotherapy : These therapies promote deep relaxation and may boost immune function, in addition to helping control both the sensation of itch and the compulsion to scratch. (Nashir & Burgess, 2005). ● Topical treatments : These consist of calcineurin inhibitors, tacrolimus and pimecrolimus. These topicals work to combat dryness, reduce itch, and inflammation. (Eczema, 2019). Eczema treatments to avoid In the treatment room, special care should be given when treating clients diagnosed with eczema. Massages, facial treatments, and various equipment could cause a client to experience an adverse reaction that could worsen the symptoms of eczema. A proper visual assessment, an investigative consultation, and intake form should be conducted before the first treatment. ● Microdermabrasion : Whether to use this type of equipment on an eczema client is up for debate; however, to avoid triggering an adverse reaction, and a possible lawsuit, it is probably best to avoid this type of aggressive treatment. (Campbell, Hale & Hush, 2018). ● Chemical peels/enzymes : Performing this type of treatment may cause flaking, peeling, triggering itching, and scratching episodes that can result in the client bleeding. This procedure should be avoided or otherwise done under physician care. (Campbell et al., 2018). ● Massage therapy : If the client’s skin is cracked, sore, or bleeding; please avoid. ● Steamer and hot towels : Omit anything in the treatment room that may cause irritation and may trigger inflammation. ● Micro-needling : Eczema clients have limited immune function and a compromised barrier; therefore, this procedure should be avoided to prevent possible infection (Campbell et al., 2018). Recommended home care for eczema ● Air circulation/humidifier : Consider using a (HEPA) high-efficiency particulate air filters in bedrooms, in addition to adding moisture to the inside of the home/ office in dry, cold weather. ● Hydration : Drinking plenty of water can help rid the body and skin of toxins.
impaired barrier becomes hypersensitive to various substances, and is less able to defend against environmental factors, allergens, and irritants. Typical substances found in antifungal lotions, antibacterial ointments and creams, rubber (latex) plants (such as poison ivy, poison oak, ragweed, primrose, thistle, mango peels, and cashew shells) antibiotics (including bacitracin, sulfonamides, and neomycin) fragrances, preservatives, airborne allergens and some metals such as gold and nickel found in jewelry can all result in allergic contact dermatitis. The most common symptoms of allergic dermatitis include rash, redness, itching, burning, and blistering. ● Irritant contact dermatitis : This condition causes localized burning and inflammation and occurs when the skin meets a chemical substance irritating to the skin. This type of dermatitis is more painful than itchy. The most common irritating substances are solvents, acids, alkalis, soaps, plants, detergents, shampoos, disinfectants, fruit juices, and household products. ● Phototoxic contact dermatitis : This results after a client’s skin touches certain substances (sunscreens, Professional treatments and modalities for eczema Treatment options for eczema usually depend on the severity and type of eczema a client is experiencing. Each client is different and will not respond to various treatments in the same way. It is best to familiarize oneself with all treatment options and know when to refer to a doctor when treatment options are not working or are causing irritation. (Eczema, 2019): ● Massage therapy : This involves touch and helps relieve stress, which works to stimulates the release of serotonin, a chemical of the brain associated with relaxation, and happiness. Since stress is a trigger for flare-ups, lymphatic drainage, foot, or scalp massage would help relieve stress. (Green, 2009). ● Light therapy : This includes natural sunlight or 15 sessions of UVB, UVA1, ultraviolet light. This treatment is used to help reduce itching and inflammation in moderate eczema. (Maneval, 2017). ● Moisturizer : Moisture is key to helping restore the barrier function and manage eczema symptoms. When skin becomes too dry, it becomes irritated and can cause flare-ups. ● Anti-itch creams : These are antihistamine, non- prescription creams that control itching and may help repair the skin. Benadryl (diphenhydramine) may be used for severe itching but may cause drowsiness. Hydrocortisone temporarily relieves itching. ● Biologics : These are expensive injectable drugs (monoclonal antibody) used to treat people with severe disease, who do not respond well to other treatments, such as Dupixent. ● Bathing : This includes soaking in a warm bath or shower. It is an effective treatment. Adding bleach, vinegar, dead sea salt, baking soda, and oatmeal to bath water may help to soothe symptoms. ● Medication : The most commonly used medications are corticosteroids (steroids), such as prednisone, and are prescribed to control inflammation. Other medications include PDE4 inhibitors, topical calcineurin inhibitors, and skin barrier creams (OTC) applied to the skin. These may be used to relieve symptoms of redness, itch, and rash. ● Systemic medication : These include immune suppressants (methotrexate, cyclosporine, tacrolimus) and oral injectables used to control itching, redness, inhibit the growth of cells, and suppress the immune system from overproducing inflammation.
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Book Code: ENC0825
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