Raj, S., Jose, S., Sumod, U. S., & Sabitha, M. (2012, July). Nanotechnology in cosmetics: Opportunities and challenges . Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC3425166/ Sims, M. (2019, June 14). “Natural” labels on beauty products are meaningless, so look for options without fragrances, dyes, parabens, and preservatives instead . Insider. https://www.insider.com/what-do-natural- labels-on-beauty-products-mean-2019-6 Paula’s Choice. (n.d.). Skin care ingredient dictionary . Paula’s Choice. https://www.paulaschoice.com/ ingredient-dictionary?crefn1=ingredientCategories&crefn2=ingredientNameFirstCharacter&crefn3=ingredient Rating&crefv1=Cleansing+Agent%7CEmulsifier%7CPolymer%7CFragrance%3A+Synthetic+And+Natural%7C Humectant%7CPlant+Extracts%7CAbsorbent%7CSilicone%7CIrritant%7CpH+Adjuster%2FStabilizer%7CTextu re+Enhancer&crefv2=D%7CH%7CG%7CJ%7CZ%7CK%7CM%7CN%7C4%7CT%7CB%7CU%7CS%7CC&crefv 3=Good%7CWorst&csortb1=name&csortd1=1&start=0&sz=589 New Directions. (n.d.). Stearic acid - a hardening agent for soaps, candles, cosmetics . New Directions. https:// www.newdirectionsaromatics.com/blog/products/all-about-stearic-acid.html Stoiber, T. (2019, April). What are parabens, and why don’t they belong in cosmetics? Environmental Working Group. https://www.ewg.org/what-are-parabens Chemists Corner. (2022, March 14). Thickening agents for cosmetic formulations . https://chemistscorner.com/ thickening-agents-for-cosmetic-formulations/ Thomson Reuters. (2009, November 19). Average UK woman wears 515 chemicals a day . Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-cosmetics/average-uk-woman-wears-515-chemicals-a-day- idUSTRE5AI3M820091119#:~:text=%2D%20The%20average%20British%20woman%20“hosts,and%20 applied%20lipstick%20each%20morning. U. S. Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). Labeling Organic Products . Agricultural Marketing Service. https:// www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/organic/labeling WebMD. (n.d.). Mineral Makeup Pros and Cons . WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/beauty/features/whats-up- with-mineral-makeup Weisz, A., Milstein, S. R., & Scher, A. L. (2007). Colouring agents in cosmetic products (excluding hair dyes). Analysis of Cosmetic Products. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-044452260-3/50032-2 Essential Wholesale Resource Library. (n.d.). What are polysorbates & how to use them in cosmetics . http:// blog.essentialwholesale.com/what-are-polysorbates-how-to-use-them-in-cosmetics/ The Dermatology Review. (2023, February 7). Why is Laureth-4 used in skincare? https://thedermreview.com/ laureth-4/ 6. When is Laureth-4 safe for use in cosmetics? a. Never – it is a highly toxic ingredient. b. Always – it is an all-natural, organic ingredient. c. When it has been specifically formulated to be non- irritating. d. Only after it has gone through the process of ethoxylation. 7. Is it possible to remove 1,4-dioxane from cosmetic formulas? a. Yes, through the process of purification. b. It should not be removed, as it is a beneficial ingredient. c. No, this toxic chemical is impossible to remove. d. Yes, through the process of ethoxylation. 8. Why are preservatives added to cosmetics? a. Preservatives are added to food, not cosmetics. b. To enhance the fragrance and attractiveness of a product. c. To prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi. d. To slow down the growth of viruses in cosmetics. 9. What is one of the problems with parabens? a. There aren’t any problems, parabens are 100% organic. b. They are potential endocrine disruptors. c. Parabens encourage the growth of bacteria and fungi when added to cosmetics. d. They can cause hair loss and reduced vision. 10. The MSDS states that Benzyl Alcohol is ___________. a. Safe for use on children under three years of age. b. A safe, organic compound. c. Potentially deadly. d. A skin and eye irritant.
Trade Commission. https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2016/04/four-companies-agree- stop-falsely-promoting-their-personal-care-products-all-natural-or-100-natural Fevola, M. (2013, July). Formaldehyde - American chemistry council . Cosmetics & Toiletries. https://www. americanchemistry.com/chemistry-in-america/chemistries/formaldehyde/ Francombe, G. (2020, March 25). Quick guide to natural and organic emulsifiers for cosmetics . School of Natural Skincare. https://www.schoolofnaturalskincare.com/natural-organic-emulsifiers-cosmetics/ Gianni, A. (2022, December 9). Ingredient watch list: Tetrasodium EDTA in skin care, the preservative made from formaldehyde - Annmarie Gianni . Annmarie Skin Care. https://www.annmariegianni.com/ingredient- watch-list-tetrasodium-edta-the-preservative-made-from-formaldehyde/ Hopp, D. (2022, January 29). From 3200 B.C. to today: The fascinating history of nail polish . Byrdie. https://www.byrdie.com/history-of-nail-polish#:~:text=It%27s%20said%20that%20in%203000,highly%20 pigmented%20colors%20like%20red. Fevola, M. J. (2013, July 15). Ingredient profile: Salicylic acid . Cosmetics & Toiletries. https://www. cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/cosmetic-ingredients/actives/blog/21837700/ingredient-profile-salicylic-acid Mayo Clinic. (2022, June 22). “natural” Personal care products . Mayo Clinic Health System. https:// www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/what-are-natural-personal-care- products#:~:text=The%20term%20%22natural%22%20represents%20ingredients,and%20better%20than%20 synthetic%20alternatives. McDonough, K. (2022, January 3). Nine ingredients in Baby Products You should know about . HowGood. https://howgood.com/2019-6-19-nine-ingredients-in-baby-products-you-should-know-about/ Nair, B. (2001). Final report on the safety assessment of benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and sodium benzoate . International journal of toxicology. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11766131/ CDC. (1982, June 11). Neonatal deaths associated with use of benzyl alcohol -- United States . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001109.htm Pelonara, D. (2020, January 28). Fatty acids, alcohols, and esters - can they be natural? Native Essentials. https://www.nativessentials.com/blogs/clean-beauty-notes/fatty-acids-alcohols-and-esters Pitt, W. G., & Husseini, G. A. (2008, January 22). On bubbles and liposomes. Journal of controlled release. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2533808/ Anderson, E. (2019, May 13). Preservatives – keeping our cosmetics safe & fresh . Center for Research on Ingredient Safety. https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/preservatives-cosmetics-safe-fresh
AN INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY IN COSMETICS Final Examination Questions Select the best answer for each question and mark your answers on the Final Examination Answer Sheet found on page 44, or complete your test online at EliteLearning.com/Book 1. How many unique chemical ingredients are approved for the use in cosmetics in the U.S.A.?
a. Billions of chemicals are used in cosmetics in the U.S.A. b. Only a handful of chemicals have passed stringent FDA requirements to be allowed for use in cosmetics. c. Over 12,500 unique chemical ingredients are approved for use in the manufacturing of cosmetics. d. At last count at least 10,500 unique chemical ingredients have been approved for use in cosmetics. 2. Cite one reason why the professional Beauty Expert should understand the basics of cosmetic chemistry. a. To avoid accidentally applying a product that could produce a severe reaction when combined with the client’s own unique chemistry. b. The professional Cosmetologist or Esthetician should be able to create and sell their own line of products from home. c. In order to appear more informed and intelligent. d. The professional needs to know how to mix and create their own products. 3. What is the first Key Ingredient? a. Emollients. b. Water. c. Thickener. d. Preservatives. 4. What is an Emulsifier? a. Glycol-palmo-serate,3 is a commonly used emulsifier. b. A foaming agent designed to help the product glide on smoothly. c. A thick powder added to any cosmetic compound to increase its stability. d. Any ingredient that helps to keep unlike substances from separating. 5. What is INCI? a. A highly toxic chemical that is added to compounds to increase viscosity. b. An emulsifier that has been accepted as organic by EcoCert and most organic certifiers. c. This is the abbreviation for the Independent New Cosmetics Investigative Board. d. A synthetic chemical (and known irritant) that is added as an emulsifier to products.
EliteLearning.com/ Cosmetology Course Code: CNC01CC
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Book Code: ENC0824
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