Tissues, organs, and body systems Schmidt (2023) emphasized that physiology studies how a body’s physical activities work at cellular and functional levels. Physiology describes the physics and chemistry of essential body functions, including how cells, organs, and body systems work together to keep the body healthy. Similarly, Khan Academy (2024) described the human body as a complex organism of cells, tissues, organs, and systems working together to maintain life by carrying out many processes. Milady (2023) and Khan Academy (2024) both communicate that within the processes of the body’s organizational levels, cells bind together to make tissues, tissues build organs, and organs make body systems. Each system has its function and activity; for instance, the circulatory system circulates blood.
The structure of cells, tissues, and organs is closely related to the systems they accompany (Khan Academy, 2024). For example, the cells and tissues of the liver work together to filter the body’s blood by breaking down poisonous substances and producing bile to carry away waste and digest fats, while the cells and tissues of the heart pump blood through the body (Columbia Surgery, 2024). The survival of the body is dependent upon the physiological activities of the systems, which coordinate together to maintain the body’s function and healthfulness, adapt to its environment, and experience its surroundings (Khan Academy, 2024).
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SERVICES
treat the skin, stimulate tissues and organ function, and relax the client (Milady, 2023). For safe and effective facial treatments, nail care, and pedicuring, cosmetologists must understand the subdermal systems: muscles, nerves, arteries, and veins. The voluntary muscles of the face, head, and neck are the muscles of concern in facial services. The location of the muscles within these areas and what they control are significant to the application of quality facial massage manipulations (Figures 1-4).
Services within the field of cosmetology that aim to produce beneficial physiological effects on the body include skincare through facials, nailcare with a focus on hand and arm massage, and pedicuring, which produces physiological effects through foot and leg massages. These services are limited to the upper body and extremities, such as the face, scalp, neck, shoulders, back, upper chest, arms and hands, and lower legs and feet. Although each service has its own benefits and physiological effects, the main objectives are to
Figure 1: Muscles of the Face, Scalp, and Neck
Note . Downloaded courtesy of Shutterstock
EliteLearning.com/Cosmetology
Book Code: CNC0825
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