Shampooing and conditioning treatments According to Milady (2023), shampoo and conditioning treatments ensure scalp and hair health. Shampoo and conditioning products clean and treat the hair and scalp. The effectiveness of shampoo and conditioning services is dependent upon the stylist’s skill within the service techniques and knowledge of hair care products, and ultimately, the selection of the type of shampoo and conditioner to effectively treat damaged hair. Water-based shampoos consist of an oil-in-water emulsion, available within pH ranges from 4.5 to 7.5. Types of shampoos beneficial to repairing damaged hair include: ● pH-balanced shampoos : Also known as acid-balanced shampoos, pH-balanced shampoos are low in alkaline and suitable for normal, fragile, and chemically treated hair. ● Balancing shampoos : Designed for oily hair and scalps, these wash away excessive oils without causing hair to dry out. ● Clarifying shampoos : These provide thorough cleansing by cutting product buildup, recommended to remove hard-water minerals and medication from hair, and preparing hair for chemical services. ● Conditioning shampoos : Also known as moisturizing shampoos, they are formulated to make hair shiny and smooth and are used as chelators before chemical services to avoid the effects of harsh ingredients in chemical products. Conditioning shampoos consist of protein and biotin, which help to restore moisture, elasticity, strength, and volume into the hair. Treatments for the hair shaft A healthy hair shaft displays a scale-like structure with smooth edges. Damage to the hair transforms its youthful appearance into partial or complete scale erosion, jagged scale edges, and hemicylindrical and longitudinal splitting of the hair shaft. Weathering of the hair is a collective term describing the results of the hair after enduring harsh environmental conditions. But the unhealthy hair symptoms are more often due to damaging hair care practices and chemical and hair lightening services (Monpure, 2022). Fernandes et al. (2023) reported that the appearance and healthiness of the hair is affected by injury to its protein structure, such as the protective structure of the cuticle layer and the complex protein linkage within the cortex. Environmental, physical, and chemical factors can cause damage to the hair. Examples of environmental factors are exposure to the sun’s UV rays and dry air. Physical elements include friction, heat, and dehydration due to improper hair care techniques and habits. Chemical factors consist of hair care services that decrease water content in the hair, exfoliate hair cuticles, loosen binding between keratin proteins, and extract protein and other hair constitutions from the hair strand. Visible evidence of the damaging effects is split and broken hair, decreased elasticity, overly porous hair, dry and tangled hair, and rough and dull hair (Fernandes et al., 2023). Many products and ideas are available and suggested for repairing damaged hair. Damaged hair solutions and products are plentiful and sometimes overwhelming. The primary concern and proper direction toward restoring damaged hair is knowing safe and effective ways to
● Medicated shampoos : Reduce the growth of the dandruff fungus, Malassezia. It helps to ease itchy scalp and is very effective in reducing excessive dandruff. ● Sulfate-free shampoos : Good for colored and chemically treated hair; they do not strip the hair’s natural oils. Currently common for natural and virgin hair, they help retain natural hair shine and texture, such as curly and excessively curly hair (Milady, 2023). According to Milady (2023), conditioners are used on the hair and scalp to deposit moisture and protein, restore strength and body, and protect against damage. The pH of conditioners typically ranges from 3.0 to 5.5. Conditioners are recommended for improving the quality of hair and are used as temporary remedies for dry and damaged hair. Types of conditioners include: ● Instant conditioners : Known as rinse-out conditioners, they have a lower pH and help to close risen cuticle scales. They may add moisture, oils, and protein. ● Treatment or repair conditioners: Deep penetrating formulations, assisting in restoring protein and moisture. They require a longer time for processing and heat applications before rinsing, assisting in the conditioner’s penetrating ability into the hair shaft or scalp. ● Leave-in conditioners : Designed to protect against thermal tools and to assist in equalizing the hair’s porosity after chemical services. ● Medicated conditioners : Help to control minor scalp and dandruff conditions; work in conjunction with anti- dandruff shampoos (Milady, 2023). treat the scalp and hair condition. For success in treating damaged hair, it is essential to have specialized knowledge in trichology, advanced skills in hair care techniques, and a widespread understanding of hair care cosmetics, such as: ● Study and research of hair care products and their effects on hair. ● Ingredients useful in maintaining and repairing the health of hair. ● Professional-level skills in hair care techniques. ● Understanding the structure and functions of the skin. ● Extensive knowledge of the structure, chemical composition, and characteristics of hair. ● A realization of the different disorders of the skin and the hair. Services receiving referrals to physicians are services that range outside of the professional scope of master barber stylists and cosmetologists. Medical care and medical prescriptions for the hair and scalp extend beyond the state-regulated services mandated within the beauty industry.
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