5 Recognizing and Responding to Human Trafficking in Texas: Summary
• Contact the National Human Trafficking Resource Center (NHTRC) hotline (1-888-373-7888) for assistance. Information is available at https:// humantraffickinghotline.org/ Legal requirements regarding mandatory reporting of human trafficking differ from state to state, and situations may require mandatory reporting under related statutes even if the situation is not human trafficking (e.g., child abuse or domestic violence). State- specific information is available at https:// polarisproject.org/resources/state-ratings-on- human-trafficking-laws/ Four fundamental principles have been recommended for healthcare professionals who meet people who have been or are being trafficked. • Use a trauma-informed, resilience- oriented, human rights–focused, and culturally sensitive approach to the care of all patients • Collaborate with and seek advice from colleagues who have been engaged in antitrafficking or other violence prevention work • Partner with advocates, social service providers, case managers, and others from outside the health sector to improve referral services and achieve a more effective overall response to human trafficking • Play an active role in self-directed education and training about human trafficking Using a Trauma-Informed Approach Trauma-informed care (also known as trauma-sensitive or trauma-aware care) is one way to provide effective and compassionate care for patients who may be trafficked or are otherwise traumatized. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) defines trauma-informed care as a program, organization, or system that:
• Realizes the widespread impact of trauma and understands potential paths for recovery • Recognizes the signs and symptoms of trauma in clients, families, staff, and others involved with the system • Responds by fully integrating knowledge about trauma into policies, procedures, and practices • Seeks to actively resist re-traumatization Trauma-specific intervention programs generally: • Acknowledge the survivor's need to be respected, informed, connected, and hopeful regarding their own recovery • Address the interrelation between trauma and symptoms of trauma such as substance abuse, eating disorders, depression, and anxiety • Collaboratively work with survivors, family and friends of the survivor, and other human services agencies in a manner that will empower survivors and consumers Taking a History Though there are no evidence-based recommendations at this time, practice- based evidence has been used to generate recommendations for screening and inquiry in these situations. Survivors of trauma report that disclosure may be more likely if healthcare providers are perceived to be knowledgeable about abuse and violence, nonjudgmental, respectful, and supportive, as well as if they use a trauma-sensitive approach to evaluation and treatment. Once rapport has been developed with the patient and confidentiality (along with its limits) has been communicated clearly, questions about possible human trafficking and other forms of coercive control can be asked. If you suspect human trafficking, try to start with indirect questions. Attempt to interview the patient alone without raising suspicions. You may need to be creative in finding
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