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Sports Massage: Enhancing Training, Participation and Recovery for Today's Athlete, 2nd Edition: Summary
(continued)
Sports Injuries Injury Rhabdomyolysis
Description
Destruction of muscle tissue so severe that it releases myoglobin (aerobic enzyme) into the blood overwhelming the kidneys. Occurs from overtraining, is painful and inflammatory and can be lethal. Red flags requiring ER include: pain with sitting, inflammation that impedes the range of motion of a joint, and discoloration of the urine (the color of ice tea). Occurs with landing when the knee goes into hyperextension or the knee remains fixed and a force is applied to the tibia. Ligaments are avascular (no blood supply; get what nutrients they need from the surrounding fluids). Therefore slow to heal often resulting in surgery. Common in football, basketball, and soccer. Occurs with a twisting movement on a fixed knee. Meniscus helps guide and align the bones (femur, and tibia) through their various motions. ACL runs through the medial meniscus so it is very common that the medial meniscus will also be torn with an ACL tear injury. Cartilage is avascular (no blood supply; get what nutrients they need from the surrounding fluids). Therefore slow to heal often resulting in surgery. Common in football, basketball, and soccer. Most commonly inversion ankle sprains and seldom an eversion ankle sprain occurs. Medial malleolus of the tibia is higher than the lateral malleolus of the fibula so there is more resistance going out so sprains more likely into inversion. Eversion injury will occur occasionally when someone misses a step or in football when a player’s foot is planted and they are being pulled in that direction. Rupture of the Achilles tendon from its insertion at the calcaneus. Do not work directly on that injury after surgery but rather perform cross friction and circular friction as tolerated to prevent scar tissue from forming at the incision site. Common in basketball, soccer, tennis. Imbalanced firing of quadriceps. Vastus medial and vastus lateralis fibers come in at an angle so if they are out of balance their pull is not only up but also to that side. More pull on one side will shift the patella and it no longer be tracking in the patellar groove of the femoral condyles and will cause damage to the articular cartilage.
ACL & PCL tear
Meniscal tear
Ankle sprains
Ruptured Achilles Tendon
Patellofemoral syndrome (Runner’s Knee)
Adhesions (when things stick together) can form through poor postures, repetitive motions, or athletic training for sports, cause shortened movement patterns and compensatory movements and an overall effect on the entire connective chain, result in myofascial pain near joints and in the neck and back can be associated with fibromyalgia.
A muscle strain is a damage to a muscle or a tendon while a muscle sprain is damage to a ligament. With a muscle strain initially, massage is contraindicated however working proximal and distal is recommend. Also, work longitudinal and perpendicular to the athlete’s tolerance in attempt to prevent adhesions and contractures.
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