Hawkins-Kennedy impingement test Tests for impingement or injury to the supraspinatus muscle or tendon. With the client seated, they are asked to abduct their arm to 90 degrees and, keeping their elbow straight, medially or downwardly rotate their humerus at the elbow. Lateral rotators strength test Testing for weakness or dysfunction of the infraspinatus and/ or teres minor muscles. With the client seated or standing, they keep their arm by their side while flexing the elbow to 90 degrees. They are then asked to laterally rotate their arm while the massage therapist resists their motion Painful arc test Tests for a supraspinatus tendon and subacromial bursa impingement. With the client seated or standing with their arms by their side, the client abducts the affected shoulder through its full ROM, to 180 degrees if possible. A positive Subscapularis strength test Testing for weakness or dysfunction of subscapularis. The client should be in a seated position with their elbow flexed to 90 degrees in front of them. The massage therapist attempts to move the client’s forearm into lateral rotation while the client tries to resist by internally rotating the Gerber’s Lift-Off Test Tests for an injury to subscapularis. The client can be seated or standing with their elbow flexed to 90 degrees and their forearm placed in the small of their back so that their hand is touching it. The client is asked to lift their hand off their back while extending and medially rotating their arm. A
A supraspinatus muscle impingement is indicated by pain at the acromion of the scapula. Injury to the muscle tendon is indicated by pain deep to the spine of the scapula or at the greater tubercle of the humerus. with internal rotation. Weakness or a dysfunction of the infraspinatus is indicated by pain in the muscle belly on the posterior scapula. Weakness or a dysfunction of teres minor is indicated by pain along the superior lateral border of the scapula.
result is indicated by pain at or deep to the acromion starting at 70 degrees of abduction and easing after 130 degrees of abduction.
forearm. Injury to subscapularis is indicated by pain deep in the axillary (armpit) and weakness indicated by the client being unable to resist lateral rotation of their humerus. The therapist may employ active-resisted exercises to strengthen the subscapularis muscle. positive result is indicated if the client is unable to lift their hand off their back. Pain deep in the axillary is typically indicative of an injury to the muscle belly or origin, while pain near the lesser tubercle of the humerus may indicate a tear at the muscle’s insertion.
ORTHOPEDIC TESTS FOR THE ARM, ELBOW AND WRIST
Speed’s test Testing for tendonitis of the biceps brachii muscle. The client can be in a seated or standing position. The client fully extends their arm and supinates their forearm so that the palm of their hand is facing the floor. The client Yergason’s test Tests for the integrity of the bicep brachii tendons. The client can be in a seated or standing position while the massage therapist stabilizes the client’s arm against the client’s body at the wrist and elbow. The client then Upper limb tension test I Tests for nerve impingement at C5-C7 as a cause of upper arm or shoulder pain. The client should be lying supine on the table with their arms at their side. Make a note that the client should be lying close to the edge of the table on the side being tested. The massage therapist takes the client’s wrist, flexes the client’s elbow to 90 degrees, and abducts the arm to just over 90 degrees. The therapist then Upper limb tension test 2 Tests for nerve impingement of the median or axillary nerves as a cause of upper limb or shoulder pain. The client should be supine on the table with their affected arm near the edge of the table. The massage therapist applies an inferiorly directed compression to the affected shoulder with their hip, then abducts the arm to 10 degrees. The therapist leans forward and extends the client’s fingers while supinating Upper limb tension test 3 Tests for a nerve impingement of the radial nerve as a cause of upper limb or shoulder pain. The client should be supine on the table with their affected arm near the edge of the table. The massage therapist applies an inferiorly directed
is then asked to flex their elbow to 90 degrees while the massage therapist stands behind the client and resists the client’s attempt at flexion. Tendonitis of the bicep brachii is indicated by pain at either the muscle’s origin or insertion. supinates their forearm and extends their elbow while laterally rotating their arm. Pain at the humerus’ bicipital/ intertubercular groove indicates a tendon dysfunction at the origin of the (long head of the) biceps brachii. extends the arm 10 degrees while laterally rotating the arm to approximately 60 degrees. Once in this position, the therapist slowly extends the client’s wrist and fingers. A nerve impingement between C5-C7 will cause pain of the arm or shoulder. The therapist should focus on massaging the base of the neck to relieve any hypertonic muscles which may be causing the impingement. the forearm and making sure the elbow is fully extended. A nerve impingement of the median or axillary nerves will cause pain in the upper arm or shoulder. The therapist should focus the massage near the lateral border of the scapula for hypertonicity in teres minor and deltoid, and the scalenes and pectoralis minor area of the affected side to relieve any hypertonicity near these nerves. compression to the affected shoulder then abducts the arm to 10 degrees. The therapist keeps the client’s hand face down, leans forward and medially rotates the arm, then flexes the client’s fingers while bringing the wrist into ulnar
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Book Code: MNJ0524
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