Child protective services
Families with IPV may come to the attention of child protective services for reasons other than IPV; however, IPV screening should be universal Missed appointments; multiple visits with vague complaints; poor compliance with recommendations; symptoms of insomnia, inability to concentrate; chronic pain; problems with weight loss or weight gain Patient-perpetrator interaction in an informal setting; signs of recent environmental destruction, such as broken furniture and holes in the wall
Primary care
Home care
IPV = intimate partner violence. From Western Schools, 2019.
PREVENTION OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
to Address IPV, 2017-2020 offers a model for the public health-based prevention of IPV that encompasses all aspects of the prevention continuum—from education to funding and direct services (Lachance et al., 2020) . This strategy is outlined in Figure 2.
Given the widespread prevalence and varied, serious negative consequences of IPV, it is critical that efforts be made to prevent its occurrence. Many prevention programs focus on reducing risk factors while increasing protective factors for both victims and perpetrators. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Strategy
Figure 2. The HRSA Strategy to Address Intimate Partner Violence
From Health Resources and Services Administration Office of Women’s Health. (2023). 2023-2025 HRSA Strategy to Address Intimate Partner Violence. Rockville, MD: Health Resources and Services Administration. https://www.hrsa. gov/sites/default/files/ Clearly, the prevention of IPV can be primary or secondary. The goal of primary prevention programs is to prevent IPV from occurring in the first place; secondary prevention programs seek to identify IPV early, mitigate its effects, and prevent it from happening in the future; while tertiary prevention deals with managing the consequences and effects of IPV (Heard et al., 2020) . Primary prevention can occur in a number of ways and often requires multiple interventions to be effective. Two of the most common primary prevention strategies for IPV are education and changing of the victim’s environment. These strategies target many different levels, including societal (e.g., the criminal justice system, the workplace, and the educational system), family (e.g., gender inequality or responsibility
and corporal punishment), and individual (e.g., anger management and conflict resolution training) levels (Finnie et al., 2022) . Primary prevention interventions often target children and adolescents to prevent violence from occurring later in life (Heard et al., 2020) . Secondary prevention efforts may focus on adults and involve interventions such as relationship and sexuality education, victim advocacy, protective shelters, counseling for both victims and perpetrators, and criminal justice interventions including protective orders (Laughon et al., 2021) . As mentioned previously, these interventions are intended to stop violence from recurring in relationships. Most interventions carried out in the healthcare system involve secondary prevention and include screening for and responding to cases of IPV. This is because providers often see those already affected by IPV, owing to the damaging effects of these experiences, which—as previously discussed—increase the need for health-related services.
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Book Code: SWFL1825
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