The participant will learn how to assess, document, intervene, and refer clients to appropriate services in an evidence-based, trauma-informed manner. In addition, participants will learn about the magnitude and dynamics of IPV and understand strategies for implementing relevant Significance and Magnitude of the Problem For many years, IPV has been recognized as a healthcare issue of concern, particularly among women of reproductive age (Drexler et al., 2022; US Preventive Services Task Force, 2018) . Recent research indicates that worldwide, roughly one in three women (27%) who have ever been in a partnered relationship report an experience of physical, sexual, or both types of IPV at some point in their lives (Sardinha et al., 2022) . Moreover, the recent COVID-19 pandemic appears to have increased these rates (McNeil et al., 2023) . Given these rates of IPV victimization, nurses and other healthcare providers practicing in all settings will encounter patients who are victims and perpetrators Definitions and Types of Intimate Partner Violence Abuse that occurs between two individuals in a current or previous romantic and/or sexual relationship is termed intimate partner violence (IPV). Other terms commonly used to describe this type of violence may include domestic violence, spousal abuse, marital violence, dating violence, couple violence, and courtship violence. In this course, the term IPV will be used as it specifically encompasses all partner relationship-based violence and abuse including physical, sexual, and psychological types as well as stalking. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines IPV as a serious public health problem that includes “any physical or sexual violence, stalking, and/ or psychological aggression by a current or former dating partner or spouse” (Leemis et al., 2022, p. 1) . Intimate Physical Violence Physical violence is the intentional use of physical force with intent or potential to cause harm, injury, disability, or death. It includes, but is not limited to slapping, pushing, shoving, punching or beating with a fist or hard object, pulling hair, Contact Sexual Violence The CDC uses the updated term contact sexual violence to encompass rape, sexual coercion, unwanted sexual contact, and being forced to penetrate someone else. Any of these acts constitute sexual violence, whether attempted or completed, and acts of contact sexual violence necessarily occur without the victim’s consent. This can occur when the victim is unable to consent because of incapacitation due to unconsciousness, intoxication—whether voluntarily or involuntarily (i.e. being drugged or forced to ingest substances by someone else)—coercion or threat, or physical or cognitive impairments that preclude the ability to actively consent (Richards, 2020) . Further definitions of the types are contact sexual violence are: 1. Rape: attempted or completed penetration of any vaginal, oral, and/or anal area (a) by use of physical Stalking Stalking is a pattern of intentional and ongoing, unwanted attention and contact that causes fear or concern for one’s own safety or the safety of someone else (e.g., a family member or friend). Examples include repeated phone calls, emails, or texts; leaving cards, letters, flowers, or other items that the victim does not want; watching or following from a distance; spying; approaching or showing up in
services and appropriate referrals. The course includes an extensive list of referral sources and examples of policies and procedures for learners, as well as legal implications and reporting requirements to assist in caring for victims and perpetrators of IPV and SA. of IPV. It is imperative that providers have the tools, skills, and resources to identify and respond to IPV in diverse patient populations, as the health-related consequences of IPV include chronic conditions such as pain and diabetes, contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and substance use and abuse among other health issues (Stubbs & Szoeke, 2021) . Further, application of the principles of trauma-informed care to screening and intervening with individuals affected by IPV can enhance patient-provider interactions and increase the chances for recovery (Drexler et al., 2022; Williams et al., 2021) .
INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE: RECOGNITION AND INTERVENTION
partners can thus include current or former spouses (i.e., legally married, common law, civil union, domestic partners), dating partners, and one-time or regular/ongoing sexual partners. Intimate partners may or may not be cohabiting and can be the opposite or same sex. Sexual intimacy between partners is not required for violence in a relationship to meet the definition of IPV . The CDC further divides IPV into four types of behaviors: 1. Physical violence. 2. Contact sexual violence. 3. Stalking. 4. Psychological aggression (Leemis et al., 2022) .
slamming into a wall or other surface, burning, scratching, choking, and using a weapon such as a gun or knife on someone (Leemis et al., 2022).
restraint or violence or (b) when the victim is unable to provide consent. 2. Sexual coercion: unwanted sexual contact that occurs in the context of verbal pressure, intimidation, threats, or misuse of authority that results in the victim acquiescing. 3. Unwanted sexual contact: intentional touching of the victim or making the victim touch the perpetrator, either directly or through clothing, on the genitalia, anus, groin, breast, inner thigh, or buttocks without the victim’s consent. 4. Making a victim penetrate someone else: completed or attempted, forced, or alcohol-/drug-facilitated incidents in which the victim is made to sexually penetrate a perpetrator or someone else without the consent of both people. (Leemis et al., 2022) places where the victim does not expect or want to see them; sneaking into the victim’s home or car; damaging the victim’s personal property; harming or threatening the victim’s pet; and/or making threats to physically harm the victim (Dreßing et al., 2020; Leemis et al., 2022; McEwan et al., 2021) .
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Book Code: SWFL1825
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