● Hair extension glue and wig glue contain Dioxane 1,4 and can cause eye and nose irritation, cancer, and liver and kidney damage (Lane, 2022). ● Shampoos can contain Sodium Laurel Sulfate/Sodium Laurel Sulfate. These are found in the majority of shampoos (D'Souza, 2015). They create the lather and the bubbles of the shampoo. They may cause eye and scalp irritation. ● Thermal protection sprays contain cyclopentasiloxane and can cause breathing problems, coughing, wheezing, skin rashes and eye, throat, and nose irritation (Sahu, 2023). ● Most disinfectants contain butoxyethanol 2 and can cause headaches, and eye and throat irritation (Sahu, 2023). ● Brazilian blowout treatments contain formaldehyde and are a majorly unregulated salon product that is known Nail salons Products used in nail salons may contain chemicals that can affect workers’ health (OSHA, n.d.). Nail polish is the product most often used in nails salons and the main potential source for chemical exposure. Using these products can expose the workers to the hazardous chemicals. The workers are constantly breathing in the harmful vapors, dust or mist produced from these products. These chemicals can also add up when using many products at the same time. These can cause adverse health effects when used day after day, especially with poor ventilation. Some services offered in a nail salon that can be dangerous may be: ● Manicuring : Some chemicals used during manicuring in nail salons can contain acetone, ethyl acetate formaldehyde, glycol ethers, lanolin, methyl/ethyl acetone, sodium hydroxide, toluene, and xylene. Health effects associate with these chemicals can be eye, nose, and throat irritation, central nervous system effects, skin irritation, dermatitis, allergies, asthma, cancer, and reproductive problems. ● Sculptured nails : Possible chemicals used in sculptured nails can be acetone, dimethyl p-toluidine, ethyl acetate, formaldehyde, glycol ethers, methacrylate, methyl ethyl ketone, methylene chloride, toluene, and xylene. Effects Chemicals to avoid ● Diethanolamine (DEA) and Triethylamine (TEA) : This is used in foaming agents and synthetic emulsifiers (ECO CRATES of America, 2022). It is highly acidic and can cause allergic reactions, eye irritation and dryness of hair and skin. ● Dibutyl Phthalate : This can be found in nail polish and used in synthetic fragrances and some plastics. This can cause liver, kidney, and lung damage. It can also cause irritation to the eyes, stomach, and upper respiratory system. The potential long-term effects can be reproductive and birth defects. ● Parabens (Methyl, Propyl, Butyl, and Ethyl) : These can be found in shampoo, moisturizers, shaving gels, spray tanning solutions, makeup, and toothpaste. Parabens are estrogenic and can be disruptive of normal hormone function. Exposure is linked to breast cancers and skin and allergic reactions. ● Naphtha : This is also known as coal tar and is used in synthetic colors and dyes to make the product look pretty. They are heavy metal salts and deposit toxins onto the skin and can be carcinogenic. They irritate the eyes, skin and nose and may cause dizziness, drowsiness, and dermatitis.
to cause serious health hazards (Iftikhar, 2019). Once the Brazilian Blowouts became popular, exposure to formaldehyde went to a higher level and created more health problems. These have been shown to cause bloody noses, sore throats, rashes, and respiratory infections all from breathing the fumes. These treatments have been found to contain high levels of formaldehyde which is also referred to as methylene glycol . Formaldehyde gas is released during the application of the treatment, specifically when the flat iron contacts the product on the client’s hair (Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 2023). Formaldehyde gas is a dangerous pollutant that can be severely irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat. Long-term exposure to formaldehyde has been associated with a higher risk of cancer. of using chemicals associated with sculptured nails could be eye, nose and throat irritation, central nervous system effects, skin irritation, dermatitis, allergies, asthma, cancer, and reproductive problems. ● Acetone : Acetone can be used alone as nail polish remover. This chemical can cause headaches, dizziness, and irritated eyes, skin, and throat. ● Nail glue remover : Nail glue remover contains acetonitrile. This can cause irritated nose and throat, breathing problems, nausea, vomiting, weakness, and exhaustion. ● Nail polish and nail polish remover : These can contain butyl acetate and the effects of expose can be headaches, irritated eyes, skin, nose, mouth, and throat. ● Nail polish : Nail polish can contain dibutyl phthalate (DBP). This chemical can cause nausea, irritated eyes, skin, nose, mouth, and throat. ● Artificial nail liquid : This can contain ethyl methacrylate (EMA). This can cause asthma, irritated eyes, skin, nose, and mouth. It can also affect the ability to concentrate. ● Nail primer : Nail primer can contain methacrylic acid. This chemical may cause skin burns, irritated eyes, nose, and throat. ● Propylene Glycol : This is a synthetic petrochemical used as an emulsifying base used in lotion and creams. This ages the skin faster and leads to poor, saggy skin. This chemical is also used in brake and hydraulic fluid and can cause allergic reactions and damage to the kidneys and liver. ● Ethyl acetate : Ethyl acetate is in nail polish, nail polish remover and nail glue. Effects of expose could be irritated eyes, stomach, skin, nose, mouth, and throat. High levels of ethyl acetate can cause fainting. ● Formaldehyde : Formaldehyde can be found in nail polish and nail hardener. The health effects from formaldehyde can be difficulty breathing, coughing, asthma like attacks, wheezing, allergic reactions, irritated eyes, skin, and throat. It may also cause cancer. ● Isopropyl acetate : This is in nail polish and nail polish remover. Isopropyl acetate exposure could cause sleepiness, irritated eyes, nose, and throat. ● Methyl methacrylate (MMA) : MMA is in artificial nail products and is banned in many states. They can cause asthma, as well as irritated eyes, skin, nose, and mouth. Some concentrates of MMA can cause a loss of smell and reproductive issues.
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