If a dog does not receive this vaccine based on risk assessment, it is important to educate the owner regarding the potential need for vaccination if the dog’s lifestyle changes. Because the effects of canine influenza are often exacerbated by secondary and concurrent infections, it is important that dogs in high-risk categories (for example, dogs who will be boarding or attending dog shows) be vaccinated against Bordetella bronchiseptica , parainfluenza, and adenovirus-2 at least two weeks prior to possible exposure in order to decrease the likelihood of concurrent illness. In areas involved where a canine influenza outbreak is known or suspected, the most effective preventive measure is to keep dogs away from gathering places – dog parks, boarding kennels, grooming facilities, and so forth. Use social media, email newsletters, and other measures to keep clients informed of respiratory disease outbreaks in your local area. Clients should also be advised to consult a veterinarian if their dog develops signs of a respiratory illness. When a potential cause of canine influenza is noted, the client should be questioned about their dog’s potential exposures to other dogs (i.e., recent history of boarding or grooming). When isolated outbreaks occur at animal care facilities, such as a grooming facility, quarantine of the facility and infected animals can significantly reduce the spread of the virus and its impacts on the community.
is approved for use in dogs seven weeks of age and older. (Merck, n.d.) Merck also manufactures vaccines that provide protection specifically against canine influenza H3N2 or H3N8, but these vaccines are only recommended for pets that have already received a vaccine protecting them against the other strain of canine influenza. In most cases, patients should receive the bivalent vaccine. The Vanguard ® CIV H3N2/H3N8 vaccine is manufactured by Zoetis. Like the Merck vaccine, this is a killed, adjuvanted vaccine. According to Zoetis clinical trial studies, this vaccine prevents “pathological lung lesions and disease” and “microscopic lesions in lungs consistent with CIV H3N2 infection.” (Zoetisus, n.d.) This vaccine also decreases the duration of viral shedding, from 4.9 days in unvaccinated to dogs to 1.3 days in dogs receiving the Vanguard ® CIV H3N2/H3N8 vaccine. (Zoetisus, n.d.) This vaccine is approved for use in dogs eight weeks of age and older. (Zoetisus, n.d.) The American Animal Hospital Association’s (AAHA) 2022 Canine Vaccination Guidelines recommend that canine influenza vaccination should be regarded as a noncore vaccine. (American Animal Hospital Association, 2022) A combined H3N2/H3N8 vaccine should be administered to all dogs whose lifestyle factors place them at increased risk of canine influenza. The initial vaccination series consists of two vaccines, which are administered two to four weeks apart (regardless of which vaccine is used). This vaccine should then be boostered annually for as long as the dog remains at elevated risk of canine influenza exposure. Conclusion Although canine influenza outbreaks are a source of significant concern and anxiety on the part of veterinary clients, the mortality of this virus is low, and therefore clients should be reassured that this virus is likely to have little impact on most healthy dogs. While many exposed dogs will contract the disease, most infections are subclinical or mild, and severe illness is uncommon (despite the large degree of media coverage that would seem to suggest otherwise). Canine influenza vaccination can play a significant role in mitigating the impacts of this virus. While these vaccines are not deemed reliable at inducing sterilizing immunity, they can significantly reduce the impacts of infection, thus
protecting vaccinated pets. Perform thorough lifestyle assessments at each canine veterinary visit to determine whether a patient would benefit from canine influenza vaccination.
WORKS CITED https://qr2.mobi/Canine-Influenza2
CANINE INFLUENZA, 2ND EDITION Final Examination Questions
Select the best answer for each question and mark your answers on page 84. For faster service, complete your test online at EliteLearning.com/Book
33. What is the primary reservoir of influenza A? a. Humans. b. Dogs. c. Cats. d. Birds. 34. Which canine influenza subtype was initially identified in racing greyhounds?
31. Which influenza type is most common? a. A b. B c. C d. D 32. Influenza A viruses are classified into subtypes based on which two proteins? a. DNA and RNA. b. Hemagglutinin and DNA. c. Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. d. Neuraminidase and RNA.
a. H3N8 b. H3N2 c. H5N1 d. H7N9
EliteLearning.com/Veterinarian
Book Code: VFL1526
Page 42
Powered by FlippingBook