canine influenza H3N2 vaccine available, the USDA’s National Veterinary Service Laboratory has made the virus available without restrictions to encourage vaccine development. 24 A vaccine against the H3N2 canine influenza strain virus has been approved in South Korea; however we do not have access to this vaccine in the United States. 4 Because the effects of canine influenza are largely due to secondary and concurrent infections, it is important that dogs in high-risk categories (for example, dogs who will be boarding or attending dog shows) be vaccinated against Bordetellabronchiseptica , parainfluenza, and adenovirus-2 at least 2 weeks prior to possible exposure in order to decrease the likelihood of concurrent illness. 25 Furthermore, while the H3N8 vaccine is thought to be minimally effective against H3N2 influenza, it may still serve a benefit in these at-risk dogs. Dr. Keith Poulsen of the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Conclusion Although canine influenza outbreaks are a source of significant concern and anxiety on the part of veterinary clients, the mortality of this virus is low and therefore clients should be reassured that this virus is likely to have little impact on most healthy dogs. While many exposed dogs will contract the disease, most infections are subclinical or mild and severe illness is uncommon (despite the large degree of media coverage that would seem to suggest otherwise). Although there is not currently a vaccine available for the prevention of canine influenza, there are a number of simple measures References 1. Moyer MR. Common Infectious Diseases In Shelter Dogs And Cats: Canine Influenza Virus. in World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress, Jeju, Korea. April 14-17, 2011. 2. Landolt G. Detection and Epidemiology of Canine Influenza A Virus Infections. in American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum, Denver, CO. June 15-18, 2011. 3. Crawford PC, et al. Canine Influenza: Epidemiology, Clinical Disease, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention, in Western Veterinary Conference, Las Vegas, NV., February 14-18, 2010. 4. Iowa State University Center for Food Security and Public Health. Canine Influenza. June 2014. Available at: http://www.cfsph.iastate. edu/Factsheets/pdfs/canine_influenza.pdf. Accessed 30 September 2015. 5. Crawford, PC, et al. Transmission of equine influenza virus to dogs. 2005. Science. 310(5747):482–485. 6. Crawford PC, et al. Emergence of influenza virus in pet dogs. International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases. Atlanta, GA. March 19-22, 2006. 7. Dubovi EJ and Njaa BL. Canine influenza. Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice. 2008:38:827–835.. 8. Parrish C and Holmes EC. Canine Parvovirus and Its Relatives, and Canine Influenza Virus - Diseases and Emergence in New Hosts. Second International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases Symposium, San Francisco, CA. November 14-17, 2012 9. Rishniw M. Canine Influenza H3N2. 17 April 2015.. Available at: http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?P=A&A=3610. Accessed 4 June 2019. 10. Fiala J and DeGioia P. Canine influenza expert calls for better border protection. 21 April 2015. [Online]. Available at: news.vin. com/VINNews.aspx?articleId=36524. Accessed 4 June 2019. 11. Richardson, J. A., Glaser, A., Reine-Salz, N., & Dubovi, E. J.Prevalence of Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease in dogs in Chicago Outbreak (March–April 2015)," in American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum, Indianapolis, IN. June 3-6,2015. 12. American Veterinary Medical Association, "Canine Influenza," 22 April 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.avma.org/KB/ Resources/Reference/Pages/Canine-Influenza-Backgrounder.aspx. Accessed 4 June 2019. 13. Song DS, et al. Interspecies transmission of the canine influenza H3N2 virus to domestic cats in South Korea, 2010. J Gen Virol. 2011. 92:2350–2355.
Laboratory states “The H3N8 strain is still circulating, and there might be some cross reactivity. While the vaccine's efficacy against the H3N2 is unknown at this time — there are no controlled studies — it has a low likelihood of side effects that would hurt dogs. It's one of our recommendations.” 10 In areas involved where a canine influenza outbreak is known or suspected, the most effective preventive measure is to keep dogs away from gathering places – dog parks, boarding kennels, grooming facilities, etc. 9 Clients should also be advised to consult a veterinarian if their dog develops signs of a respiratory illness, and sick should be questioned about potential exposures to other dogs (i.e., recent history of boarding or grooming). When isolated outbreaks occur at animal care facilities, quarantine of the facility and infected animals can significantly reduce the spread of the virus. 4 that clients can take to help keep their dogs safe. These measures include avoiding boarding kennels and doggie daycares, thus limiting exposure, and staying informed of any outbreaks that may be occurring in the community or surrounding areas. Additionally, owners should be advised to seek veterinary advice early in the course of the disease if they feel their pet may be infected, especially for dogs that may be immunocompromised or affected by other significant medical conditions. 14. Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Canine Influenza Virus Monitoring. Available at: https://www.vet.cornell.edu/animal- health-diagnostic-center. Accessed 4 June 2019. 15. Krueger WS. "No evidence for zoonotic transmission of H3N8 canine influenza virus among US adults occupationally exposed to dogs.," Influenza Other Respiratory Viruses., 2014;8:99–106. 16. Pecoraro HL, et al. Seroprevalence of canine influenza virus (H3N8) in Iditarod racing sled dogs. Canadian Veterinary Journal.2012;53(10):1091–1094. 17. Wiley CA, et al. The seroprevalence of canine influenza virus H3N8 in dogs participating in a flyball tournament in Pennsylvania in 2010: a follow-up study. J Vet Intern Med. 2013;27(2):367–370. 18. Rishniw M. Canine Influenza. VIN Medical FAQ's. 27 October 2005. [Online]. Available: http://www.vin.com/doc/?id=3854779. [Accessed 26 September 2015]. 19. Spindel M. Canine Influenza Virus. 30 June 2009. [Online]. Available: http://www.vin.com/Members/Associate/Associate.plx? from=GetDzInfo&DiseaseId=2647&n=1&sx=6562818. Accessed 4 June 2019. 20. Plumb DC. Veterinary Drug Handbook, Fourth Edition. 2002. Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing Professional. 21. Creevy K and Saliki J. Canine Influenza Facts. Updated 2015 21 May. Available at: http://vet.uga.edu/images/uploads/hospital_ files/files/Canine_Influenza_Facts.pdf. Accessed 4 June 2019. 22. Merck Animal Health. Nobivac Canine Flu H3N8. Available at: http://www.merck-animal-health-usa.com/products/nobivac-canine- flu-h3n8/ProductDetails_130_121109.aspx. Accessed 4 June 2019. 23. Zoetis. Vaccine provides an aid in control of disease associated with canine influenza virus (H3N8). Available: https://www.zoetisus.com/ products/dogs/vanguard-civ.aspx. Accessed 4 June 2019. 24. American Veterinary Medical Association. Idexx develops test for new dog flu, USDA shares isolate toward vaccine. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2015;246(12)1278. 25. Lundgren B. Canine Influenza. 29 September 2005. [Online]. Available at: http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content. plx?P=A&A=2146. Accessed 4 June 2019. 26. FHai-Xia F, et al. Interspecies transmission of canine influenza virus H5N2 to cats and chickens by close contact with experimentally infected dogs. Veterinary Microbiology. 2014;170:414–417.
EliteLearning.com/Veterinarian
Book Code: VFL1524
Page 38
Powered by FlippingBook