(p) Social workers should develop and inform clients about their policies, consistent with prevailing social work ethical standards, on the use of electronic technology, including Internet-based search engines, to gather information about clients. (q) Social workers should avoid searching or gathering client information electronically unless there are compelling professional reasons, and when appropriate, with the client’s informed consent. (r) Social workers should avoid posting any identifying or confidential information about clients on professional websites or other forms of social media. (s) Social workers should transfer or dispose of clients' records in a manner that protects clients' confidentiality and is consistent with applicable laws governing records and social work licensure. 1.08 Access to Records (a) Social workers should provide clients with reasonable access to records concerning the clients. Social workers who are concerned that clients' access to their records could cause serious misunderstanding or harm to the client should provide assistance in interpreting the records and consultation with the client regarding the records. Social workers should limit clients' access to their records, or portions of their records, only in exceptional circumstances when there is compelling evidence that such access would cause serious harm to the client. Both clients' requests and the rationale for withholding some or all of the record should be documented in clients' files. (b) Social workers should develop and inform clients about their policies, consistent with prevailing social work ethical standards, on the use of technology to provide clients with access to their records. (c) When providing clients with access to their records, social workers should take steps to protect the confidentiality of other individuals identified or discussed in such records. 1.12 Derogatory Language Social workers should not use derogatory language in their written, verbal, or electronic communications to or about clients. Social workers should use accurate and respectful language in all communications to and about clients. 3.04 Client Records (a) Social workers should take reasonable steps to ensure that documentation in electronic and paper records is accurate and reflects the services provided. (b) Social workers should include sufficient and timely documentation in records to facilitate the delivery of services and to ensure continuity of services provided to clients in the future. (c) Social workers' documentation should protect clients' privacy to the extent that is possible and appropriate and References American Psychological Association (APA). (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. https://www.apa.org/ethics/code Arauz-Boudreau, A., Riobueno-Naylor, A., Haile, H., Holcomb, J. M., Lucke, C. M., Joseph, B., Jellinek, M. S., & Murphy, J. M. (2019). How an electronic medical record system facilitates and demonstrates effective psychosocial screening in pediatric primary care. Clinical Pediatrics, 59(2), 154-162. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922819892038 Association of Social Work Boards. (2009). An analysis of supervision for social work licensure: Guidelines on supervision for regulars and educators. https://www.aswb.org/wp- content/uploads/2013/10/supervisionjobanalysis.pdf Axelsson, E., Andersson, E., Ljótsson, B., Björkander, D., Hedman-Lagerlöf, M., & Hedman- Lagerlöf, E. (2020). Effect of internet vs face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy for Health Anxiety. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 915. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0940 Barnett, J. E., & Molzon, C. H. (2014). Clinical supervision of psychotherapy: Essential ethics issues for supervisors and supervisees. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(11), 1051-1061. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22126 Barsky, A. (2012). Clinicians in court. Guilford. Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J. F. (2019). Principles of biomedical ethics (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. Bennett, S. (2011). Confidentiality in clinical writing: Ethical dilemmas in publishing case material from clinical social work practice. Smith College Studies in Social Work, 81(1), 7-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/00377317.2011.543039 Bodek, H. (2010). Clinical documentation and recordkeeping. http://www.nysscsw.org/ assets/docs/100206_records.pdf Bradshaw, K. M., Donohue, B., & Wilks, C. (2014). A review of quality assurance methods to assist professional record keeping: Implications for providers of interpersonal violence treatment. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(3), 242-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. avb.2014.04.010 Braun, M. Dunn, W., & Tomcheck, S. (2017). A pilot study on professional documentation: Do we write from a strengths perspective? American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 26 (3), 972-981. https://doi.org/10.1044/2017_AJSLP-16-0117
should include only information that is directly relevant to the delivery of services. (d) Social workers should store records following the termination of services to ensure reasonable future access. Records should be maintained for the number of years required by relevant laws, agency policies, and contracts. National Board for Certified Counselors (2016) http://www.nbcc.org/Assets/Ethics/NBCCCodeofEthics.pdf Directive 1: NCCs [nationally certified counselors] will not share information that is obtained through the counseling process without specific written consent except to prevent clear, imminent danger to the client or others or when required to do so by a court order. Directive 10: NCCs are to create formal, written procedures for the handling of client records in the case of death or incapacitation. Directive 16: All test results and assessments can only be released to others with written client consent unless in the case of imminent danger or when legally required to. Directive 19: NCCs must create written practice procedures in regard to social media and digital technology and are to be provided to clients before or at the time of the first session. these shall be incorporated with the information provided to clients before or during the initial session. Policies are to include guidelines for use of social media including personal versus professional accounts (such as “friending”). Directive 43: NCCs are to ensure the accuracy of all written reports based on shall provide direct experiences with individual(s) or documentation from other professionals. Directive 54: All written communications, including those through digital technology must be made part of the client’s official record, including those of a clerical nature. Password security and encryption are to be used for all electronic therapeutic communications. Directive 55: Client records must be kept for at least five years unless state or federal law states differently. Directive 72: NCCs shall obtain a client’s consent prior to the provision of services. In private practice or other similar situations, this consent shall be documented in writing in a counseling services agreement. This counseling services agreement shall become a part of the client’s record. Directive 74: Client records are to be updated throughout the counseling relationship when changes occur in the treatment plan, including those relating to goals, roles and techniques. Directive 75: The primary client must be clearly identified in the client record, as well as others receiving related professional services in connection with the primary client. Brintzenhofeszoc, K., Belfiore, M. N., & Shields, J. J. (2019). Bringing SBIRT into the community: An evaluation of a continuing education training for social workers. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 19(1-2), 124-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/153325 6x.2019.1591797 Bruni, T., LaLonde, L., Maragakis, A., Lee, J., Caserta, A., Kilbourne, A. M., Smith, S., Orringer, K., Quigley, J., McCaffery, H., & Lancaster, B. (2021). The use of electronic health record tools to improve evidence-based treatment of adolescent depression in primary care. Academic Pediatrics, 21(7), 1195-1202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2021.05.022 Cairns, I., Jonas, M., & Wallis, K. (2018). The ethics of sharing: How do social workers decide what to record in Shared Health Records? Ethics and Social Welfare, 12(4), 348-369. https:// doi.org/10.1080/17496535.2017.1384849 Cartwright, J. (2018). To code or not to code: Some ethical conflicts in diagnosing children. PsycEXTRA Dataset. https://doi.org/10.1037/e512812018-001 Cartwright, J., & Dryden, M. (2022). Assessing and intervening with children. In Miller, D. C., Maricle, D. E., Bedford, C. L., & Gettman, J. A. (Eds.), Best practices in school neuropsychology: Guidelines for effective practice, assessment, and evidence-based intervention, Wiley. Chowdhury, T., & Champion, J. D. (2020). Outcomes of depression screening for adolescents accessing pediatric primary care-based services. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 52, 25-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.02.036 Clay, R. A. (2021, July 2). PSYPACT: 26 states have now passed laws allowing interstate practice. American Psychological Association. https://www.apaservices.org/practice/legal/ technology/psypact-interstate-practice-telehealth Drogin, E. Y., Connell, M., & Foote, W. E. (2010). The American Psychological Association’s revised “record keeping guidelines”: Implications for the practitioner. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 41(3), 236-243. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019001 Dziegielewski, S. F., & Holliman, D. C. (2019). The changing face of health care social work: Opportunities and challenges for professional practice, (4th ed.). Springer Publishing. Edgcomb, J., Coverdale, J., Aggarwal, R., Guerrero, A. P., & Brenner, A. M. (2022). Applications of clinical informatics to child mental health care: A call to action to bridge
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