resulting urine to the bladder to be removed from the body upon urination. Chronic kidney disease is a gradual and usually permanent loss of kidney function over time. With loss of kidney function, there is an accumulation of water, waste and toxic substances in the body that are normally excreted by the kidney. Acute kidney failure develops rapidly, over days or weeks. Loss of kidney function also causes other problems, such as anemia, high blood pressure, acidosis (excessive acidity of body fluids), disorders of cholesterol and fatty acids, and bone disease. Manicurists and pedicurists will usually see swelling (“puffiness”) of the appendages and should act accordingly – no soaking and careful upward massage movements. Varicose veins – Healthy veins contain about 70 percent of the body’s blood at any one time. Since blood returning to the heart from the lower part of the body must move against gravity, most of the larger veins contain one-way valves to keep the blood from pooling in the feet and legs, or moving backwards. Varicose veins have valve problems allowing the blood to move backward, and they become swollen because of the blood they are being forced to hold that is not moving upward properly. Eventually, they do not function properly. Advanced varicose veins can also be predisposed to ulceration. After veins develop valve problems, the blood re- routes through smaller, more superficial veins. Massage of the legs is not an option with these clients and can be painful and dangerous. Soaking is also not an option above the feet/ankle. Bleeding disorders – Usually a lack of clotting capabilities, bleeding disorders can be the cause of easy bruising and nonstop bleeding from a minor cut. Most are from taking medications to prevent strokes and other illnesses that can be caused by clotting of the blood. These clients should not have their cuticles trimmed – none, and any use of metal implements should be extremely gentle, if used at all. Massage should be gentle and slow. Hepatitis A, B, or C is an inflammation of the liver usually caused by a pathological microbial invasion. Hepatitis is generally covered in pre-license courses, so discussion here will be short. These illnesses are highly contagious, no matter their mode of transfer, and OSHA requires all personal service providers, including nail technicians, to assume every client is infected, no matter whether they are or not, or whether they disclose their illness or not. This requires the use of personal protective equipment and a high level of infection control in every service. Stroke – It is important that salon employees know the signs of a stroke and immediately call 911 when they see them. Fast treatment is imperative to positive recuperation. Remember, women may report unique stroke symptoms, including: ● Sudden face and limb pain. Open lesions of any kind prevent services by manicurists and pedicurists. Coverage does not protect the technician from transfer of an infection. Cold hands and feet can indicate a circulatory problem or reduced blood flow to those limbs. This also can be a symptom of Reynaud’s Disease, a circulatory disease. Even low blood pressure can cause reduced blood flow and cold hands or feet. Hypo-thyroidism also can cause cold hands and feet. Whatever the reason, and there are many potential ones, it is important for the technician to consider a reduced blood flow, which can cause a propensity to infection and slow healing. Extreme care should be taken with this client to prevent injury. Massage is usually no problem and increases blood flow, and therefore the supply of oxygen to the area and the friction can warm the skin and appendage. ● Sudden hiccups. ● Sudden nausea. ● Sudden general weakness. ● Sudden chest pain. ● Sudden shortness of breath. ● Sudden palpitation.
manicures and pedicures, but others will. Psoriasis will disqualify treatment because it can harm the client. An example of a pathological skin infection that will not allow a manicure or pedicure is shingles, which can occur on the legs. Digital herpes – A viral infection that is not only very contagious when active, it is contagious for a time before symptoms are evident on the skin. Sufferers will say the skin may tingle before the actual breakout, so the client may recognize an eminent breakout. DH is a recurring infection, and can be activated by many activities, such as stress and even the use of implements on the area with aggression. This client must be treated gently, and the nail technician must wear gloves at all times when working with him or her. Working on the affected nails last may be a wise decision to prevent spreading the infection to other fingers. No heavy massage should be performed on a client who has a recurrent though not manifesting disease. Heavy massage can activate a recurrent skin disease. Nail or skin fungus – A very common infection, fungus is very contagious. Nail and foot fungus are from the same dermatophyte but can be active on only one or both the nails and the skin of the foot. (On the hands, it usually is only on the nails.) No client with nail or foot fungus should be given a beauty service on that area of the body. Tuberculosis (TB) – One of the oldest human diseases infecting an estimated 16.2 million people, tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of death and illness in the world. The bacterium is spread from person to person as it is carried by droplets expelled when coughing, sneezing, speaking, and laughing. The symptoms include dry persistent cough, bloody sputum, intermittent fevers, and flushed complexion. A simple skin test and chest x-ray are used to confirm diagnosis and several antibiotics must be taken for at least 6 months in order to eradicate the disease. The doctor will advise the patient when he or she is not contagious; until that time the person is extremely contagious and may be advised to wear a mask over the mouth and nose. The disease is currently becoming resistant to the prescribed antibiotics due in part to patients not completing the full course of treatment. Arthritis, tendonitis, and bursitis – Any term with “itis” at the end indicates inflammation. Arthritis is inflammation of the joints, tendonitis is inflammation of the tendons, and bursitis is inflammation of the bursa (bursa sacs exist on the feet). These conditions can be extremely painful and prevent treatment. Massage is usually not performed on these persons by a manicurist to prevent further damage. Thyroidism (hyper or hypo) – This is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland located on the front part of the neck below the thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple). The gland produces thyroid hormones, which regulate body metabolism. Thyroid hormones are important in regulating body energy, the body’s use of other hormones and vitamins, and the growth and maturation of body tissues. Diseases of the thyroid gland can result in either overproduction (hyperthyroidism) or underproduction (hypothyroidism) of the thyroid hormone, or goiter (enlargement of the thyroid with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism but also with benign and malignant – cancerous – nodules). There are many causes, from chemotherapy to genetics and family history. Many symptoms exist, from fatigue to weight gain and depression for hypothyroidism to hyperactivity and weight loss for hyperthyroidism. It is not an easy disease to diagnose. These clients are prone to very dry skin and should not be soaked unless a deep hydration treatment is performed. They are also prone to crevices over their calluses on the heel, indicating they should not be soaked. Kidney problems – The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs that lie on either side of the spine in the lower middle of the back. They act as a filtering system, removing waste products and excess water from the blood then sending the
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Book Code: NTFL1024
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