Colorectal Cancer ____________________________________________________________________________
30. Inadequate patient bowel preparation pre- colonoscopy is associated with all of the following, EXCEPT: A) Shorter procedure time
37. Most colorectal cancers develop through which sequence? A) Adenoma, polyp, invasive carcinoma B) Polyp, adenocarcinoma, villous adenomas C) Normal epithelium, adenoma, adenocarcinoma D) Normal epithelium, adenoma, dysplastic adenoma 38. At the time of assessment, patients with right-sided colon cancer show high rates (nearly 90%) of A) anemia. B) rectal bleeding. C) abdominal mass. D) change in bowel habit. 39. According to the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons and Cancer Care Ontario, which imaging modality is recommended for all patients with colorectal cancer to estimate disease stage and identify metastases? A) MRI scan
B) Greater electrocautery risk C) Reduced adenoma detection D) Lower cecal intubation rates
31. In average-risk patients, screening colonoscopy performance inadequate to prevent colorectal cancer is suggested by all of the following, EXCEPT:
A) Cecal intubation rate of 80% B) Cecal intubation rate of 90% C) Adenoma detection rate of 20% D) Colonoscope withdrawal time of 10 minutes
32. Which of the following is FALSE regarding guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests (gFOBT)? A) gFOBT is being phased out of clinical use. B) gFOBT has low specificity for colorectal cancer. C) Positive findings require colonoscopy confirmation. D) gFOBT discriminates intact from partially digested hemoglobin. 33. A surveillance colonoscopy interval of three years is recommended for which of the following baseline findings? A) No polyps
B) Colonoscopy C) PET imaging D) Contrast-enhanced CT
40. Which of the following clinical features is associated with worse prognosis of colorectal cancer? A) Bowel obstruction B) Ulcerative growth pattern C) Elevated preoperative CEA level D) All of the above 41. What is the standard treatment option for stage II colon cancer? A) Surgery B) Chemotherapy C) Radiation therapy D) Surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy 42. Which most accurately describes the use of radiation therapy in colon cancer? A) The role of radiation therapy is limited and poorly defined in colon cancer. B) Adjuvant radiation therapy is beneficial following colon cancer resection. C) Neoadjuvant radiation therapy in colon cancer is more effective due to well- oxygenated tissue target. D) All of the above
B) Serrated polyposis syndrome C) 1–2 small tubular adenomas D) Adenoma with high-grade dysplasia
34. Which of the following is NOT a broad colorectal carcinoma development pathway? A) The germline mutation pathway B) The chromosome instability pathway C) The microsatellite instability pathway D) Inflammatory bowel disease dysplasia 35. Which type of polyps have the greatest malignant potential? A) Lymphoid polyps B) Hyperplastic polyps C) Inflammatory polyps D) Adenomatous polyps
36. Long-term follow-up shows a malignancy rate in adenoma sites of
A) 10%. B) 25%. C) 45%. D) 70%.
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