PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CHRONIC CARDIOVASCULAR CONDITIONS FOR THERAPY PROFESSIONALS: AN OVERVIEW Self-Assessment Answers and Rationales 1. The correct answer is c.
5. The correct answer is a. Rationale: The pericardium (peri = “outer”) is a thin outer layer of the connective tissue that provides protection to the heart. 6. The correct answer is a. Rationale: Ejection fraction (EF) is the ratio of stroke volume to EDV. When looking at the normal SV/EDV, we compare 65 ml/120 mL = 0.54. 7. The correct answer is a. Rationale: Possibly due to overexertion, the middle layer of the heart enlarges, making expansion difficult in the limited space of the chest cavity. This may cause the muscle to lose elasticity. 8. The correct answer is b. Rationale: Statins block cholesterol production in the liver.
Rationale: Fenestrated capillaries contain many window-like pores that allow more substances to pass into/out of the capillary. 2. The correct answer is c. Rationale: Neutrophils and monocytes perform phagocytosis, traveling to the site of infection and destroy microorganisms by ingesting them and releasing enzymes that kill them. 3. The correct answer is a. Rationale: As depicted in Image 2, blood flows as follows: Right atrium – right ventricle – lungs – left atrium – left ventricle – body. 4. The correct answer is d. Rationale: The tricuspid valve is on the right side of the heart and consists of three flaps of tissue. The tricuspid valve separates the right atria from the right ventricle.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CHRONIC CARDIOVASCULAR CONDITIONS FOR THERAPY PROFESSIONALS: AN OVERVIEW Final Examination Questions Select the best answer for each question and mark your answers on the Final Examination Answer Sheet found on page 76, or complete your test online at EliteLearning.com/Book 71. By definition, a vein is a blood vessel that: a. Always has red blood.
76. The middle layer of cardiac muscle is: a. The pericardium (the thick contracting layer). b. The endocardium (surrounding the entire heart). c. The myocardium (the thick contracting layer). d. The pericardium (the delicate layer that contacts blood). 77. What is the function of the atrioventricular (AV) node? a. It generates the impulse that initiates cardiac action. b. It acts as a delay and relay point to prevent simultaneous contraction of all four chambers of the heart. c. It propagates the electrical signal across the ventricles. d. It conducts the electrical signal down the intraventricular septum. 78. What is the measure of volume of blood pumped out with each ventricular contraction? a. Heart rate.
b. Brings blood back toward the heart. c. Only takes blood to and from the lungs. d. Has the thickest walls of all the vessels. 72. Which of the following about atria is true? a. They are more thickly muscled than ventricles. b. They are inferior compared to ventricles. c. They receive blood from the lungs and body. d. They pump blood out into the body. 73. Blood in a pulmonary vein is: a. Oxygenated and coming back from the lungs. b. Deoxygenated and coming back from the lungs. c. Oxygenated and going to the lungs. d. Deoxygenated and going to the lungs. 74. What is the function of the right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve? a. Guide blood out into the systemic circulation. b. Prevent backflow into the right atrium. c. Keep blood in pulmonary veins from entering the left atrium. d. Allow blood from the aorta to enter the left ventricle. 75. How often, in a healthy heart, does blood flow directly
b. Stroke volume. c. Cardiac output. d. Arterial-veinous difference. 79. Surgical angioplasty, stents, and grafts are interventions for: a. Occlusion of blood vessels.
from the right atrium to the left atrium? a. 60 to 80 times per minute at rest. b. During exercise. c. Never. d. Only with certain medications.
b. High blood pressure. c. Atrial septal defect. d. Anemia. 80. Which type of medication decreases the heart rate by decreasing sympathetic nerve signals to the heart?
a. ACE inhibitors. b. Beta blockers. c. Calcium channel blockers. d. Diuretics.
Course Code: MLA02PC
Page 57
Book Code: MLA1225
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