Healthcare Consideration: In some individuals with hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, or other pathologies, the heart muscle has to work much harder. The extra stress causes the muscle to thicken. This condition is called left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH ) and is a form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). It may be accompanied by septal hypertrophy. The resulting changes in size and shape of the chamber can alter the position of the heart valves and impede valve function. Treatment may include a septal ablation, which is a reduction of tissue. This procedure, which has been performed surgically since the 1960s, has also been performed by injecting alcohol into the site targeted for depletion (Liebregts et al., 2017).
Image 3: Hepatic Portal Circuit
The valves As in other body systems—such as the digestive, lymphatic, and urinary systems—it is very important that blood flows in the proper direction. In the outside word, valves are everywhere, including car engines, musical instruments, and air pumps. Each faucet and hose has a valve that keeps the water from flowing into your house. When you turn the water on, you open the valve. Similarly, the heart valves are crucial structures to ensure blood flows in one direction only. There are four valves that can be broken into two groups (O’Donnell & Yutzey, 2020). Atrioventricular valves (AV) separate the atria from the ventricles: ● Tricuspid valve : On the right side of the heart; consists of three flaps of tissue. ● Bicuspid valve (also known as the mitral valve ) : On the left side of the heart; consists of two flaps of tissue. Semilunar valves separate the ventricles from blood vessels: ● Pulmonary valve : Separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery. ● Aortic valve : Separates the left ventricle from the aorta. Image 4: The Heart Chambers and Valves
As we add more details, notice that the blood is pumped up and out of the ventricles, as seen in Image 4. In the transverse view (Image 5), the top part of the heart has been removed. You are able to see the three folds of the tricuspid valve on the right, as well as the two folds of the bicuspid valve. Image 5 also identifies the pulmonary semilunar valve, which allows blood flow to the lungs, and the aortic semilunar valve, which allows blood to flow out to the rest of the body. During ventricular diastole, the atria contracts while the ventricles relax and fill with blood. Simultaneously, the AV valves open while the semilunar valves close. By contrast, in ventricular systole, the AV valves close and the semilunar valves open while the ventricles actively pump blood out to the lungs and body (O’Donnell & Yutzey, 2020). Self-Assessment Quiz Question #4 The tricuspid valve: a. Is on the left side of the heart. b. Has two flaps of tissue. c. Separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary arteries. d. Separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
Image 5: Transverse View of the Heart
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Book Code: MLA1225
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