Blood Flow Restriction Training: Understanding the Safety, Mechanisms, and Efficacy, 2nd Edition: Summary 10
Guideline: No BFRT if more than 4 points • History of DVT • Acute sickness or fever • Blood pressure >180/100mmHg • Early postoperative period • High class arrhythmia or coronary ischemia 5 points • Pregnancy 4 points • Varicose veins
Risk factors for Developing Venous Thromboembolism • Previous VTE • Cardiovascular disease • BMI >25 kg/m 2 • Family history of VTE • Varicose veins • >40 years old • Having multiple risk factors Contraindications • Pregnancy • Extremities with dialysis port • Sickle cell anemia • Open fracture/ wounds and/ or poor wound healing • Severe crush injury • Venous thrombo- embolism • Excessive swelling in post-surgical limb • Known clotting risk • Severe hypertension • Acidosis • Infection within extremity
Signs and symptoms of VTE
• Cyanosis • Edema • Erythema • Pitting edema • Superficial dilation of veins • Tenderness to palpation/warmth • Positive clinical
3 points
• Prolonged inactivity • A-Fib or heart failure • Blood pressure: • Age >60 years • BMI >30 kg/m 2 • Malignancy • Hyperlipidemia • Estrogen therapy • Age 40-58 years • Women • BMI 25-30 kg/m 2
signs such as Homan’s test
160-179/95-99mmHg
2 points
• Increased
intracranial pressure
• Cancer • Previous
1 point
revascularization of limb
• Lymphedema • Vascular graft • History of mastectomy or axillary node
Rhabdomyolysis Rhabdomyolysis is very rare after exercise with BFRT, but it is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms. Symptoms start 48- 72 hours after exercise, reporting muscle pain, weakness, and myoglobinuria (tea colored urine) due to muscle breakdown releasing high
dissection (avoid on affected arm)
• Those in
hemodialysis who have arterial or venous fistulas
amounts of myoglobin in the blood. Application and Programming LEARNING TIP!
Determining the appropriate cuff pressure is crucial for safe and effective BFRT. It is important to note that brands of cuffs will vary in width, number of bladders, and availability of the cuff to optimize pressure. The cuff width is a significant factor for determining safe pressure.
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