46. Fear of falling is a psychological symptom related to falls risk. According to Tinetti, Richman, and Powell, fear of falling is a concern that leads to: a. Activity reduction or avoidance. b. Increased risk for depression. c. Improved safety in ADL performance. d. Decreased risk for falls. 47. A self-report tool that may be used to assess confidence in balance as it relates to fear of falling for a higher- functioning older adult is the: a. 10-Meter Walk Test. b. Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale. c. Berg Balance Scale. d. Tinetti Balance Assessment. 48. Home modifications to the physical environment of older adults appear to be most effective when: a. Completed before the older adult experiences any physical decline. b. Provided in combination with behavioral training by a skilled therapist. c. Provided for older adults with little to no falls risk. d. Completed by the older adults themselves or by concerned loved ones. 49. Mr. Miller is unaware that leaving the walker at the entrance to the bathroom is unsafe. During the evaluation you demonstrate and have the patient practice turning sideways at the entrance. After you leave, Mr. Miller gets up and goes to the bathroom and turns sideways to enter with the walker. According to the Transtheoretical Model, what stage of change is Mr. Miller demonstrating? a. Precontemplation. b. Contemplation. c. Preparation. d. Action. 50. The Family Caregiver Alliance National Center on Caregiving recommends that caregiver interviews and assessment be done: a. Only at the beginning of their caregiving experience. b. At the end of their caregiving experience. c. Only if the caregiver requests an assessment. d. At multiple points during the caregiving experience.
39. Sarcopenia is the term used to describe age-related loss in: a. Endurance. b. Muscle mass. c. Balance. d. Flexibility. 40. According to the Fried Frailty Index, criteria for frailty include slowed walking speed, muscle weakness, reduced physical activity levels, exhaustion, and: a. Unintentional weight loss. b. Reduced appetite. c. Cognitive impairment. d. Depressed mood. 41. Which of the following is a normal, age-related change in vision that affects functional performance in older adults? a. Double vision. b. Diabetic retinopathy. c. Visual field loss in one eye. d. Need for more light. 42. Overlearned knowledge and practical cognitive skills are a form of: a. Fluid intelligence. b. Crystallized intelligence. c. Executive function. d. Common sense. 43. The primary difference between dementia and delirium is that delirium: a. Causes permanent impairment in memory, attention, and orientation. b. Is more likely to occur in women than men. c. Develops over a short period and is a reversible condition. d. Occurs only when someone is acutely and medically ill. 44. The most common cause of dementia is: a. Alzheimer’s disease. b. Vascular dementia. c. Mild cognitive impairment. d. Age-associated memory impairment. 45. Recognizing depression is important because: a. It is an uncommon phenomenon in health care. b. Depression interferes with functional recovery. c. It has a gradual onset. d. The patient may become incoherent.
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