25. Excess disability refers to a situation where individuals with dementia: a. Refuse to accept help for functional tasks that they can no longer perform. b. Appear more disabled than they are, given their current impairments. c. Demonstrate functional needs that are met by the caregiver. d. Demonstrate functional needs that are not met by the caregiver. 26. In animals and humans, the primary mechanism by which exercise is presumed to facilitate central nervous system neural plasticity is by: a. Up-regulation of acetylcholine. b. Down-regulation of acetylcholine. c. Up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). d. Down-regulation of BDNF. 27. Two recent studies involving intensive balance training with individuals with mild or moderate AD found that participants had: a. Both cognitive and motor memory of the training. b. Neither cognitive nor motor memory of the training. c. Cognitive memory, but no motor memory, of the training. d. Motor memory, but no cognitive memory, of the training. 28. After engaging in a 12-week balance and fitness training class for individuals with AD, one participant demonstrates a 0.12 m/sec increase in gait speed. You conclude that this: a. Does not meet the established minimal detectable change (MDC) and is therefore not a true change in performance. b. Does not meet the established MDC and is therefore a true change in performance. c. Meets the established MDC and is therefore a true change in performance. d. Meets the established MDC and is therefore not a true change in performance. 29. An awareness of caregivers’ perceived level of burden is: a. Beyond the purview of the physical or occupational therapist. b. Not directly relevant to physical or occupational therapy intervention. c. Important to the physical or occupational therapist because it impacts patient exercise and daily activities. d. Important to the physical and occupational therapist who may need to provide counseling sessions to the caregiver. 30. A balance test that has been found reliable and valid for individuals with AD is the: a. MiniBEST.
18. When a patient presents with a Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) score of 27, the clinician can reasonably anticipate that the individual will have: a. No cognitive deficits. b. Mild cognitive deficits. c. Moderate cognitive deficits. d. Severe cognitive deficits. 19. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are used in the medical management of AD: a. And are most effective in mid- to late-stage disease. b. To preserve levels of neuroprotective acetylcholine. c. To reverse brain pathology of the disease. d. To slow disease progression by 3 to 5 years. 20. Subclinical temporal-spatial gait changes in older adults, as evidenced by quantitative computerized assessment: a. May be predictive of future cognitive decline. b. Are seen only late in the course of AD or other dementias. c. Are rarely seen with AD or other dementias. d. Are easily reversed with gait training. 21. A 93-year-old woman presents with advanced AD. The home care assistant states that when he tries to assist the patient from supine to sit and puts his hands behind her back to help her up, he feels like the patient is fighting him and pushing herself back down into the bed. This is an example of: a. Spasticity. b. Rigidity. c. Paratonia. d. An uncooperative attitude. 22. Which of the following principles would best facilitate motor learning in an individual with moderate AD? a. Constant (versus variable) practice. b. Trial and error learning. c. Providing knowledge of performance (versus knowledge of results). d. Random (versus blocked) practice. 23. Which of the following represents an optimal communication strategy to begin a physical therapy session with a patient with moderately severe AD? a. “What would you like to do today?” b. “Would you like to work on walking, balance, or strengthening exercises?” c. “Please stand up, walk to the end of the hallway, turn around, and walk back.” d. “Let’s walk.” 24. Generally speaking, individuals with AD will perform their best during a series of therapeutic interventions when they are: a. Provided with a stimulating environment. b. Given a variety of choices. c. Provided the opportunity to work with a variety of therapists over time. d. Engaged in functional (as opposed to abstract) tasks.
b. Berg Balance Scale. c. Dynamic Gait Index. d. Tinetti Balance and Gait Assessment Tool.
Course Code: PTTX04AD24
EliteLearning.com/Physical-Therapy
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