This interactive Florida Barber HIV-AIDS Ebook contains 2 hours of continuing education. To complete click the Complete Your CE button at the top right of the screen.
FLORIDA Barber Continuing Education
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Includes mandatory HIV/AIDS course required for license renewal.
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What’s Inside
THIS COURSE FULFILLS THE 2 HOUR HIV/AIDS REQUIREMENT Chapter 1: HIV/AIDS Education for Barbers (Mandatory)
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(2 CE Hours) In this course, barbers will learn essential techniques to protect themselves and their clients from the transmission of HIV/AIDS. With focus on practical strategies, participants gain an understanding of the virus, its transmission routes, and effective preventative measures specific to barbering. Final Examination Answer Sheet
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©2026: All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be reproduced without the expressed written permission or consent of Colibri Healthcare, LLC. The materials presented in this course are meant to provide the consumer with general information on the topics covered. The information provided was prepared by professionals with practical knowledge in the areas covered. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. Colibri Healthcare, LLC recommends that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Colibri Healthcare, LLC has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that all content provided in this course is accurate and up to date at the time of printing, but does not represent or warrant that it will apply to your situation or circumstances and assumes no liability from reliance on these materials. i BARBER CONTINUING EDUCATION Book Code: BBFL0226
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the requirements for license renewal? Licenses Expire
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Renewals are due on July 31 (even years)
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HIV/AIDS Education for Barbers
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How do I complete this course and receive my certificate of completion? See the following page for step-by-step instructions to complete and receive your certificate. Are you a Florida board-approved provider? Colibri Healthcare, LLC is an approved provider by the Florida Barbers’ Board (Provider #0008051). Are my credit hours reported to the Florida board? Yes. We report your hours electronically to the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation (DBPR) within one business day after completion. Is my information secure? Yes! We use SSL encryption, and we never share your information with third-parties. We are also rated A+ by the National Better Business Bureau. What if I still have questions? What are your business hours? No problem, we have several options for you to choose from! Online at EliteLearning.com/Barber you will see our robust FAQ section that answers many of your questions. Simply click FAQs at the top of the page, email us at office@elitelearning.com, or call us toll-free at 1-866-344-0970, Monday - Friday 9:00 am - 6:00 pm, EST and Sat. 10:00 am - 4:00 pm EST. Important information for licensees: Always check your state’s board website to determine the number of hours required for renewal, mandatory subjects (as these are subject to change), and the amount that may be completed through home study. Also, make sure that you notify the board of any changes of address. It is important that your most current address is on file. Disclosures Resolution of conflict of interest Colibri Healthcare, LLC implemented mechanisms prior to the planning and implementation of the continuing education activity, to identify and resolve conflicts of interest for all individuals in a position to control content of the course activity. Sponsorship/commercial support and non-endorsement It is the policy of Colibri Healthcare, LLC not to accept commercial support. Furthermore, commercial interests are prohibited from distributing or providing access to this activity to learners.
Licensing board contact information: Division of Professions | Barber’s Board | Department of Business and Professonal Regulation 2601 Blair Stone Road I Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0791 I Phone: (850) 487-1395 | Fax: (850) 488-8040 Website: http://www.myfloridalicense.com/DBPR/barbers/
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Book Code: BBFL0226
BARBER CONTINUING EDUCATION
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IT’S THAT EASY! Mailed completions will be processed within 2 business days of receipt, and certificates emailed to the address provided. Submissions without a valid email address will be mailed to the postal address provided. We report your hours electronically to the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation (DBPR).
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BARBER CONTINUING EDUCATION
Book Code: BBFL0226
Chapter 1: HIV/AIDS Education for Barbers (Mandatory) 2 CE Hours
Release Date : April 8, 2024
Expiration Date : May 31, 2027
Course overview In this course, barbers will learn essential techniques to protect themselves and their clients from the transmission of HIV/AIDS. With focus on practical strategies, participants gain an understanding of the virus, its transmission routes, and effective preventative measures specific to barbering. Learning objectives After completing this course, the learner will be able to: Define and identify the difference between HIV and AIDS. Describe how HIV is transmitted. Recognize popular misconceptions and stigmas surrounding HIV/AIDS.
Through interactive sessions, individuals will explore infection control practices, including proper sterilization techniques and workspace hygiene, to mitigate the risk of transmission
Identify standard precautions that can be taken to prevent spreading HIV/AIDS within your workplace. Recall rules and regulations regarding HIV/AIDS status disclosure relevant to professionals and their clients. Summarize protections extended to HIV-positive barbers under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). According to the National Institutes of Mental Health, “HIV stigma and discrimination can pose complex barriers to prevention, testing, treatment, and support for people living with or at risk for HIV. ” (NIMH, 2022) Stigmatization makes many HIV-positive people unwilling to inform others of their status. This unwillingness can prevent them from seeking treatment, sustaining treatment programs, seeking support structures, and even informing sexual partners. HIV-positive individuals often remain silent out of fear of social isolation as well as judgment from their families, friends, peers, religious groups, coworkers, and even service providers. The effects of stigmatization prevent them from becoming better informed, seeking out information, and sharing important information with others—making it increasingly difficult to promote understanding and reduce discrimination. Learning about HIV/AIDS and recognizing commonly believed myths and misconceptions about the disease are important for barbering professionals and the salon industry, as business is built upon customer relationships and the provision of quality and fair services to all customers. Acknowledging the stigma and arming themselves with facts about HIV can help professionals work with all clients in the salon setting as well as recognize and implement safety and precautionary measures to keep themselves and their clients protected. This course outlines the need-to-know information surrounding HIV/AIDS to keep professionals and clients informed and protected in terms of identification, contraction, prevention, disclosure, and legal ramifications.
INTRODUCTION
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are commonly recognized terms. However, while many have heard of these terms, the stigmatization of HIV-positive individuals paired with commonly believed myths and misconceptions surrounding the HIV/AIDS epidemic can influence behaviors when working with HIV-positive persons . Barbers must be comfortable working around all types of people, and misinformation can interfere with their ability to provide quality, nondiscriminatory services to all clients. Receiving an HIV diagnosis can be devastating and hard for anyone to accept. Those who are best able to cope with the realities of the disease are those who can establish a strong support system, including their families, friends, communities, and service providers. For anyone diagnosed with HIV, compassion, sensitivity, and fair treatment are greatly needed. Yet too often, the stigma associated with the disease can stand in the way of ensuring that an HIV-positive person is treated fairly and with respect. Stigma and misunderstanding can also create situations in which unnecessary steps are taken and exorbitant costs are incurred when working with HIV-positive clients. Unnecessary precautions have an impact not only on the client’s comfort but also on the bottom line for salons.
MYTHS ASSOCIATED WITH HIV/AIDS MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS
estimated that about 13% of those living with the disease remain undiagnosed to date. While the numbers may be startling, they underscore the importance of obtaining and communicating factual information and prevention tips to slow the spread and progression of HIV/AIDS. Having accurate information is the key to understanding and preventing HIV transmission and working safely and respectfully with HIV-positive clients. The following are commonly believed myths and misconceptions paired with facts about HIV/AIDS.
After recognizing AIDS as a new disease in 1981 and HIV as its cause in 1984, science has made great strides in research and trends that have changed the way we look at and work with HIV/AIDS. Although our knowledge of the disease has increased, approximately 1.2 million people were still living with HIV at the end of 2021 (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2023). In 2020, an estimated 30,635 new infections occurred in the U.S. (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2023) This number represents a decline after a period of relative stability. It is
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HIV after starting anti-HIV drug “cocktails,” regaining their health, and returning to a normal life. There are many treatments that can now help people with HIV, each attacking the virus in their own way . As a result, many HIV-positive people are living much longer and healthier lives than ever before. Medicines today can slow the growth of the virus or stop it from making copies of itself. These therapies cannot fully eradicate the virus from the bloodstream but are able to keep the amount of virus in the blood at low or undetectable levels. Clinical and research trials continue to develop new knowledge about the virus and its treatments and the potential pathway to a cure. Today’s treatment and prevention interventions are the result of scientific advances funded through federal and private investments in basic, biomedical, behavioral, and social science research. All findings point to the fact that starting treatment for HIV early (as soon as possible after diagnosis) significantly improves the patient’s health and reduces the risk of illness and death, decreasing the risk of onward transmission by 96% (Kaiser Family Foundation [KFF], 2023). Myth #4: You can contract hiv through tears, sweat, feces, and urine. HIV can be contracted only through specific bodily fluids. These include semen, vaginal fluid, rectal fluid, blood, and breast milk. A person can get infected from vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who is infected with HIV; however, having unprotected sex with someone who is infected doesn’t mean a person will automatically contract the disease. Using a latex condom or other latex barrier greatly reduces the risk. Furthermore, HIV is not spread by hugging or massage, dry kissing, or daily contact with someone who has HIV. HIV can be transmitted from a mother to her child in the womb, during vaginal childbirth, or through breastfeeding. There are treatments today that can reduce the risk of this type of transmission, keeping the baby safe and virus free. They are most effective if started as soon as possible during the pregnancy. Even with treatment, breastfeeding is not recommended for HIV-positive mothers. Finally, people who inject drugs, hormones, steroids, or silicone can get HIV by sharing needles or syringes and other injection equipment. It is important that anytime a needle penetrates a person’s skin, it is a new needle. Keeping the penetration area clean and unexposed can greatly reduce the risk of infection. Myth #5: You can tell someone has hiv by looking at them. It is true that as HIV progresses and begins affecting the immune system the disease can present with physical symptoms. Also, when a person is taking HIV medicines, there may be changes in body shape and appearance, including fat accumulation (increased deposits of fat in the abdomen, neck, shoulders, breasts, or face or fatty bumps on the body) and lipoatrophy (loss of fat, particularly in the face, legs, or arms). However, all these symptoms can also be linked to many other conditions, so it is never possible to tell if someone has HIV just by looking at them. The HIV virus can actually live in the body asymptomatically for up to 10 years during the latency period. Yet, during this time, it is still possible to transmit the virus to others. This is why it is so important to use condoms correctly and to use them every time. Doing so can reduce the risk of contracting or passing HIV by up to 85% (National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 2018).
Myth #1: There is a cure for HIV/AIDS. Despite advances in treatments, there is currently no cure readily available for HIV-positive individuals. There have been rare cases publicized through research findings and clinical trials in which extreme treatments have been thought to cure HIV. The most famous of these has been called the Berlin Patient. In these cases, treatment included a bone marrow transplant that resulted in a new immune system that eradicated the HIV virus (Harris, 2019). To date, it appears that the patients’ new immune systems have remained free of HIV, yet more study is necessary to ensure that the bloodstream continues to remain free of any HIV genetic material throughout the duration of the patient’s life. Scientists continue to monitor these patients to determine if the disease was in fact cured, rather than simply sent into a sustained remission. Although such treatments show promise, they are expensive and carry great risk. Current treatments for HIV/AIDS offer a safer alternative for a normal life span. Fortunately, an ever-evolving understanding of the virus and resulting illness has led to the development of medicines that are effectively treating the disease for those who take them regularly. These treatments can reduce the viral load (i.e., the amount of HIV in the blood) to the point that it is undetectable (i.e., unable to be seen in laboratory tests). Maintaining an undetectable viral load helps prevent the progression of the virus and stops the development of AIDS and opportunistic infections. Research is still being done to identify new treatments and improve existing regimens to further ease the burden for HIV carriers and their health providers. Every day, more is learned to identify new ways of preventing HIV infection. Even without a cure, people can live full, happy, and healthy lives despite their HIV diagnosis. Myth #2: HIV and AIDS are the same thing. HIV and AIDS are commonly mistaken as interchangeable terms for the same disease. However, they are distinct terms that are not transposable. HIV is a virus that attacks a person’s immune system. If left untreated, it will develop into AIDS. AIDS is an immunodeficiency syndrome . It is the third and most advanced stage of infection caused by HIV. Most people in the U.S. who are living with HIV and receiving treatment do not have AIDS and will never progress to the AIDS phase of the disease . HIV progresses into AIDS when a person’s immune system is diminished to the point of not being able to combat certain kinds of infections and cancers. To determine the stage of infection caused by HIV, a lab test is conducted to identify the number of CD4 cells a person has. These cells fight infection. A CD4 cell count below 200 cubic millimeters in an HIV-infected person indicates an AIDS diagnosis (HIV.gov, 2023). Without medication, it can take between 2 and 10 years or longer for an HIV-positive person to develop AIDS. A person with such a low CD4 cell count may have a high viral load. Myth #3: HIV diagnosis is a death sentence. Revolutions in medications and treatments make it possible for HIV carriers to live long, healthy lives. In the Western world, where resources are available for treatment, HIV has been downgraded from a fatal virus to a chronic, life-threatening illness (similar to some cancers, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension). The virus becomes life- threatening once the infection progresses to the third and most severe stage, AIDS. However, in many cases, individuals diagnosed with AIDS can be reversed back to
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gov/ or call 1-800-CDC-INFO (1-800-232-4636). You can also use home testing kits, which are available for purchase in most pharmacies and online. Myth # 6: Everyone who is HIV-positive will eventually develop AIDS. When people get HIV and don’t receive treatment, they will typically progress through three stages of disease, the last and most severe stage being AIDS. Yet if properly treated, an HIV-positive person may never acquire AIDS. Medicine to treat HIV, known as antiretroviral therapy (ART) , helps at all stages of the disease if taken the right way, every day . This treatment can slow or prevent the progression from one stage to the next. It can also dramatically reduce the chance of transmitting HIV to someone else.
In addition, thanks to new drug therapies, many people who are aware of their HIV-positive status are living symptom free and have no outward sign of carrying the virus. Medications and treatments can keep them at a healthy body weight and prevent them from progressing to symptomatic stages of HIV. As previously noted, many are able to maintain an undetectable status, meaning there are so few copies of the virus in their bloodstream that they can no longer be detected by a laboratory test . However, even if undetectable, there is still a possibility (though greatly diminished) of transmitting the disease. The only way to know for sure whether a person has HIV is for them to get tested. Knowing your status is important because it helps you make healthy decisions to prevent contracting or transmitting HIV. To find places near you that offer confidential HIV testing, visit https://gettested.cdc.
SPREAD OF HIV/AIDS STAGES OF HIV INFECTION
HIV can be controlled. Beginning in the 1980s with the drug AZT, ART therapy has developed to the point that it can dramatically prolong the lives of many people infected with HIV and lower their chance of infecting others. Today, someone diagnosed with HIV and treated can have a nearly normal life expectancy. Without ART treatments, however, HIV will continue to duplicate itself within the body, moving through the three stages of HIV infection.
HIV is a virus spread through certain body fluids. It attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (a type of white blood cell), often called T cells. These special cells help the immune system fight off infections. Over time, if left untreated, HIV can destroy so many of these cells that the body can’t fight off infections and disease, thus allowing opportunistic infections or cancers to take advantage of a very weak immune system . While no safe and effective cure currently exists, with proper medical care,
THREE STAGES OF HIV
are not virally suppressed. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that roughly 1.2 million people in the U.S. are living with HIV (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2023). There are 39 million people living with HIV globally. At the end of this phase, a person’s viral load starts to go up, and the CD4 cell count begins to go down. As this happens, the person may begin to have symptoms as the virus levels increase in the body and the person moves into Stage 3. Stage 3: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) AIDS is the most severe phase of HIV infection . People with AIDS have badly damaged immune systems, leading to an increasing number of severe illnesses called opportunistic illnesses. Without treatment, people with AIDS typically survive about three years. Common symptoms of AIDS include chills, fever, sweats, swollen lymph glands, weakness, skin lesions, and weight loss. People are diagnosed with AIDS when their CD4 cell count drops below 200 cells/mm3 or if they develop certain opportunistic illnesses. People with AIDS can have a high viral load and be very infectious. More than 700,000 people in the U.S. with an AIDS diagnosis have died since its discovery, with 1,744 deaths in 2020, despite advances in treatment (Kaiser Family Foundation [KFF], 2023).
Stage 1: Acute HIV infection Within two to four weeks after infection with HIV, people may experience a flulike illness, which may last for a few weeks. This is the body’s natural response to infection. During this time, the body produces an influx of white blood cells in an attempt to eradicate the virus. As the body is unable to eliminate the virus, it readjusts and proceeds to the second stage of the disease. Stage 2: Clinical latency (HIV inactivity or dormancy) This period is sometimes called asymptomatic HIV infection or chronic HIV infection. During this phase, HIV is still active but reproduces at very low levels. People may not have any symptoms or get sick during this time. For people who aren’t taking medicine to treat HIV, this period can last a decade or longer, but some progress through this phase much faster. People who are taking medicine to treat HIV (ART) the right way, every day may be in this stage for several decades or throughout their life span. It’s important to remember that people can still transmit HIV to others during this phase, although people who are on ART and stay virally suppressed (with a very low level of virus in their blood) are much less likely to transmit HIV than those who
RISK FACTORS
The following are risk factors that can affect anyone at any age, regardless of status: • Having sex with someone without being 100% sure of their HIV status. Remember, 13% of people are unaware of their infection. • Injecting drugs or sharing needles. This can include steroids, hormones, and insulin.
Anyone who engages in behaviors that place them in contact with blood, semen, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk may be at risk for getting HIV. Even if you are in a long-term, monogamous (one-partner) relationship, it is important to confirm your HIV status to be sure that you and your partner remain healthy and HIV negative. According to the CDC, everyone ages 13 to 64 should include HIV testing at least once as part of their healthcare routine, even if they do not feel they are at risk .
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• Acquiring any sexually transmitted disease, hepatitis, or tuberculosis. HIV often travels with other infectious diseases, so if you have contracted another virus, there is a heightened chance that you could have also contracted HIV. High-risk groups In the U.S., HIV is most commonly spread through sexual intercourse, be it anal or vaginal, and by sharing drug-use equipment (or works) with someone who is carrying the virus. HIV continues to devastate some risk groups more than others. Certain populations are at greater risk because there are higher rates of HIV infection within their communities or population groups. This Key points: HIV incidence • The estimated number of new HIV infections in 2021 was 36,136, showing a decline of 7% from 2017 to 2021 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2024). • By age group : People ages 13 to 34 accounted for 58% (18,700) of the estimated 32,100 new HIV infections in 2021. In 2021, as compared with 2017, the annual number of HIV infections among persons ages 13 to 34 decreased 18%. According to the CDC, no change was detected in persons ages 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, and ≥55 years (HIV.gov, U.S Statistics, 2024). • By race/ethnicity : In 2021, according to the CDC, Black/ African American persons made up approximately 12% of the population of the U.S. and accounted for 40% (13,000) of the estimated 32,100 new HIV infections. White persons made up 61% of the population of the U.S. and accounted for 26% (8,200) of new HIV infections, and Hispanic/Latino persons made up 18% of the population of the U.S. and accounted for 29% (9,300) of HIV infections. By rate, the highest rates of new HIV infections in 2021 were among Black/African American persons (37.3%), Hispanic/Latino persons (18.9%), and persons of multiple races (17.0%) (HIV.gov, U.S Statistics, 2024). • By sex at birth : People assigned male at birth accounted for 81% (25,900) of the estimated 32,100 new HIV infections in 2021, and people assigned female at
• Having sex with someone who has any of the above risk factors. Don’t forget, when you put yourself at risk, you put all of your future partners at risk as well.
means that with each sexual or drug use encounter, they are placing themselves at heightened risk of contracting the virus. Furthermore, the different demographic, social, and economic factors of each distinct community can further contribute to the level of risk. These factors can include income, education, geographic region, or even the prevalence of stigma and discrimination. birth accounted for 24% (6,200) of new HIV infections. According to the CDC, the annual number of new HIV infections in 2021, as compared to 2017, decreased among people assigned male at birth but remained stable among people assigned female at birth. In 2021, the rate for people assigned male at birth (18.8%) was four times the rate for people assigned female at birth (4.4%) (HIV.gov, U.S Statistics, 2024). • By HIV transmission category : The annual number of HIV infections in 2021, compared with 2017, decreased among males with transmission attributed to male- to-male sexual contact and remained stable among all other transmission categories (injection drug use, male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use, and heterosexual contact). According to the CDC, in 2021, among males, most HIV infections were attributed to male-to-male sexual contact (81%). Among females, most HIV infectious were attributed to heterosexual contact (82%) (HIV.gov, U.S Statistics, 2024). Despite the level of risk based on ethnicity, gender, and lifestyle, everyone can take precautions to help reduce their risk and maintain an HIV-negative status. By learning about prevention strategies and standard precautions, we can reduce the prevalence of HIV/AIDS and lessen the devastation resulting from the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
NATIONAL HIV/AIDS STRATEGY
• Achieving integrated, coordinated efforts that address the HIV epidemic among all partners and stakeholders The strategy acknowledges that HIV is still an epidemic and major health issue in the U.S., despite the fact that most people can live longer, healthy lives once they are diagnosed and treated . It recognizes that everyone across the nation deserves access to prevention tools and education as well as immediate access to treatment and care. It will require a collaborative national response to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic and achieve the strategic goals. This includes all health and human service providers, including barbers. Fulfilling this national strategy starts with everyone and should begin with you and your barber salon.
The federal government’s National HIV/AIDS Strategy (2022–2025) “provides stakeholders across the nation with a roadmap to accelerate efforts to end the HIV epidemic in the United States by 2030.” At the same time, the strategy aims to support people with HIV and reduce illness and death related to the virus. The strategy has set the ambitious targets of a 75% reduction in new HIV infections by 2025 and a 90% reduction in new infections by 2030. The strategy focuses on four major goals: • Preventing new HIV infections • Improving HIV-related health outcomes of people with HIV • Reducing HIV-related disparities and health inequities Protecting yourself in the workplace: HIV and salons Salons and barber shops have come under intense scrutiny in the past decade because of various outbreaks of infectious diseases that were traced to improperly cleaned equipment. State licensing boards have set strict rules for salon and barber shop procedures and exact steps for proper sanitation and sterilization of equipment to make
sure disease transmission cannot happen in salons. It is important for all licensed barbers to be familiar with and consistently practice these safety rules and guidelines. Among the most important is the simplest—workers must wash their hands frequently, between clients and sometimes more often, when there is a chance of any kind of disease
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stay up to date on HIV/AIDS-specific prevention techniques and protocols to stop transmission.
transmission. Not only will this (and other mandated safety precautions) significantly reduce the likelihood of transmitting HIV/AIDS, it will also provide protection against the transmission of staph infection and other harmful bacteria and germs that are statistically much more likely to be transmitted within the salon and barber shop setting. Only 58 cases of confirmed occupational transmission of HIV to healthcare workers have been documented in the U.S (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2019). (While extremely rare, in very few cases, HIV transmission has occurred in a household setting due to unprotected contact between infected blood and broken skin or mucous membranes.) T o date, there are no documented cases of HIV transmission through blood contact that have occurred in a salon setting . Therefore, while transmission of HIV in a salon or barber shop is highly unlikely (probably because of strict regulations in sanitization and operations), it is still essential that salon professionals To prevent the transmission of HIV in the workplace, barbers, cosmetologists, and other health and human service providers must assume that blood and other body fluids from all clients are potentially infectious . Infection control procedures for barbers • Wash hands with soap and water prior to serving each client. • Maintain at least two sets of tools to make sure tools are disinfected appropriately after each use. • Immediately disinfect any tool that caused a skin laceration or abrasion. ○ Wear gloves if bleeding occurs or when handling potentially infected tools.
Seasoned barbers know that the presence of blood during various cosmetic procedures is not that unusual. For example, it is not unheard of to draw blood during a manicure or pedicure, close shave, or facial procedure. If this happens, if the blood is infected with the HIV virus and it comes in contact with a cut or an open wound, there is the potential to transmit the virus. It is important to note that while the risk of exposure due to direct splashes with body fluids is minimal, there is increased danger if infected blood enters the body via a scratch or open wound. Nail clippers, acrylic nail drills, cuticle scissors, callus paring blades, and reusable razors and blades have the potential to transmit infectious diseases if they are not properly sterilized. Following proper sanitation rules and standard precautions will greatly decrease the potential of HIV transmission and protect both professionals and clients from transmitting the disease. INFECTION CONTROL, STANDARD PRECAUTIONS AND CLINICAL MANAGEMENT
To stay safe when working with any client, standard precautions must be taken to avoid contact with bodily fluids. The following table provides standard precautions that should be taken when providing cosmetic services. • Wash all contaminated linens, uniforms or towels separately and in hot water, with a disinfectant agent for HIV. • Any surface that was contaminated with blood should be disinfected with the appropriate disinfectant. • Change disinfectant solution if contaminated with blood.
Standard Precautions for Preventing HIV Transmission If there is a possibility of contact with blood or other bodily fluids (such as urine, feces, or vomit) that could potentially contain visible blood, always wear gloves and/or other protective equipment. For both clients and salon professionals: Cover cuts, sores, or breaks in the skin with bandages. Whenever contact is made with blood or other bodily fluids, immediately wash hands and/or other body parts that have been in contact. Carefully handle all sharp instruments and tools, being cautious during use and disposal. Sanitize or dispose of any tools/materials that may have come into contact with blood or other bodily fluids, and properly clean and sanitize the surrounding workstation. Avoid any practices that can increase the probability of contact with blood or bodily fluids (e.g., sharing razors, toothbrushes, or any equipment that could come in contact with the virus).
the disease (those ages 20-44) is more than 50% of the 158 million people employed in the U.S. It is important that while taking precautions against spreading and/or contracting HIV/AIDS, licensed professionals in no way infringe upon a person’s (be it a client, coworker, or self) civil rights. Specifically for salons and barber shops, a BRTA (Business Responds to AIDS) initiative was created to promote the awareness and prevention in areas impacted by HIV. Barbers can promote awareness to clients on HIV which will help save lives, provide community recognition, protect you and your clients and show your respect and commitment to the community. As a respected professional in your community, your clients are willing to trust and listen to what you have to say about HIV (CDC, 2019).
Inconsistent application of standard precautions can give the appearance of stigmatization and can lead to the reporting of perceived discriminatory practices. It is important for standard precautions to be employed universally with every client, not just those who have disclosed their HIV-positive status. For everyone’s safety and health, human service providers must keep up to date on current research and findings surrounding transmission and stay knowledgeable regarding misconceptions around transmission and assumptions about patient lifestyle and risk. It is also helpful to have a plan in place for postexposure management should direct contact with known HIV-infected blood take place. The impact of HIV/AIDS in the workplace continues to grow because the population of those most affected by
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Clinical management and treatments Antiretroviral therapy Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) reduces HIV-associated morbidity and mortality, with life expectancy now approaching that of people without HIV (Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents, 2022). Many factors are taken into consideration when determining ART for the patient. The ART guidelines for adults and adolescents differ from the pediatric guidelines and the perinatal guidelines. Goals of ART • Durable suppression of plasma HIV RNA • Restoration of immune function • Reduction of HIV-associated morbidity and prolonging the duration and quality of survival • Prevention of HIV transmission It is unlawful to prohibit a person living with HIV/AIDS from participating in services offered to others, and it is illegal to deny them a benefit because of their HIV status . Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, and the
Adherence to therapy Adherence remains a challenge. Although most current medications used to treat newly-infected patients are available in a convenient one-pill regimen (containing at least three drugs) with minimal side effects, they present a challenge in that they make patients feel better quickly, making them think that they no longer need the medication. The following factor can influence a patient’s adherence to the regimen: • Age, both young and old • Psychosocial Issues • Characteristics of the regimen • Characteristics of the clinical setting • Active mental health issues
KNOW YOUR RIGHTS: PROTECTIONS
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) protect those living with HIV/AIDS and their friends and family from this type of discrimination.
Timeline of Protections Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 504
No qualified individual with a disability shall, by reason of their disability, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance or under any program or activity conducted by any executive agency or by the U.S. Postal Service. No qualified individual with a disability shall, by reason of such disability, be excluded from participation in or be denied the benefits of services, programs, or activities of a public entity or be subjected to discrimination by any such entity. This act mandates privacy and confidentiality restrictions to protect those living with HIV/ AIDs. This act maintains the confidentiality of health information and provides people the right not only to review but also to make corrections to personal medical records.
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Title II
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 ensures that every person is given equal opportunity to participate in and receive benefits from any program or activity that receives federal funding, and every person in the U.S. is afforded equal opportunity in employment under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), despite disabilities (including positive HIV status). The ADA maintains that people with HIV, whether or not it is symptomatic, are physically impaired to the point that it substantially limits their life activities, and they are therefore covered under the act. Thus, the ADA protects against discrimination against HIV-positive persons and specifically those who are denied an occupational license or admission to a school on the basis of their HIV status. Title II of the ADA prohibits both state licensing agencies and occupational training schools (including barber and cosmetology schools) from discriminating against individuals with HIV/AIDS. A licensing entity, trade school, or training program cannot exclude a person with HIV/AIDS because of their status. However, a person infected with HIV may be excluded from the activities or services of a private or public entity if there is a health concern that they pose a significant risk
to the health or safety of others or are a direct threat that cannot be eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level by reasonable modification. Evidence of the direct threat must be based on an individualized assessment of the person with the disability and on current medical evidence. However, transmission of HIV will rarely raise a legitimate direct threat issue because the virus cannot be transmitted by casual contact. Therefore, circumstances are unlikely for the transmission of HIV in a school or workplace setting. If a licensing entity or trade school requires an applicant to provide a doctor’s certification that they are free of infectious, communicable, or contagious disease, this must exclude diseases, such as HIV, that are not transmitted through casual contact or the usual practices of the occupation for which a license is required. Furthermore, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) mandates privacy and confidentiality restrictions to further protect those living with the disease. This act maintains the confidentiality of health information and provides a person with the right not only to review but also to make corrections to personal medical records.
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HIV and the right to obtain occupational training and state licensing Service providers are not required to disclose their personal HIV status in the workplace, as this is a personal choice that can have a positive or negative impact. Disclosing one’s status to coworkers can be of benefit in cultivating a support system among colleagues, or it can unnecessarily create stigma, causing coworkers to behave differently. When making the decision about whether to disclose, it is important to carefully consider which individuals to tell. Best practice would be to have a specific disclosure plan that takes into consideration who to inform, how to inform them, and expectations for third-party disclosure. Many employers offer employee assistance programs (EAPs), which can help employees handle disclosure at work and navigate personal issues that may affect performance, health, and/or well-being.
Information shared with EAPs is protected by confidentiality. Workplace discrimination based on HIV status is illegal, and there are regulations in place to assist anyone experiencing discrimination after disclosing their HIV status. Even though it is not required to disclose one’s status in the workplace, those living with HIV/AIDS do have the responsibility to disclose their status to healthcare providers (such as doctors, clinical workers, and dentists) and sex or needle-sharing partners under penalty of law. However, they are not obligated to disclose their status to all service providers and therefore may keep this information private when securing services. Again, all services should be provided using standard precautions, making client disclosure irrelevant to safety and prevention.
Conclusion While tremendous progress has been made, we have yet to conquer the HIV/AIDS epidemic. More than 700,000 people with HIV have died in the U.S., with an estimated 18,489 people with HIV dying (from any cause) in the U.S. and its dependent territories in 2020 (Kaiser Family Foundation [KFF], 2022). We must each play our part in increasing prevention efforts to save lives and improve the quality of life for those living with HIV. Despite the advances in treatment and therapies, people around the world still risk contracting and transmitting HIV. To conquer the disease and enter the next era of HIV prevention, we must be informed and consistent in our prevention and education efforts. At the same time, we must keep in mind that
although this is a serious disease, it is also a preventable disease, and the extra care that we take in our lives and in our salons can be the difference between life and death— not only for our clients, but also for ourselves.
WORKS CITED https://qr2.mobi/HIV-AIDS-Barbers
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HIV/AIDS EDUCATION FOR BARBERS Final Examination Questions
Select the best answer for each question and mark your answers on page 12. For faster service, complete your test online at EliteLearning.com/Book
6. Over time, if left untreated, HIV can destroy so many CD4 cells that the body can’t fight off infections and disease, allowing opportunistic infections and/or cancers to take advantage of a very weak immune system. What is another name for these cells? a. DNA b. A cells c. Bloodborne pathogens d. T cells 7. Reusable razors and blades should be ______ to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases. a. Rinsed with hot water b. Sterilized c. Disinfected d. Discarded 8. HIV is still considered an _________ and major health issue in the U.S. a. Outbreak b. Infectious disease 9. In the U.S., HIV is most commonly spread through sexual intercourse and by? a. Urine and feces b. Sharing drug-use equipment c. Healthcare workers d. Dry kissing 10. How many people in the U.S. are currently living with HIV? a. 700,000 b. 1.2 million c. Endemic d. Epidemic
1. What medication slows or prevents the progression of the HIV virus? a. Antibiotics b. Ibuprofen c. Inhibitors d. Antiretroviral therapy 2. Starting treatment for HIV early (as soon as possible after diagnosis) significantly improves the patient’s health, reduces the risk of illness and death, and? a. Decreases the risk of onward transmission by 96%. b. Prevents stigmatization of the disease. c. Reduces the likelihood of developing AIDS. d. Keeps hospitalization stays to a minimum. 3. AIDS is the _____ and most severe phase of HIV 4. To prevent transmission of HIV in the workplace, barbers, cosmetologists, and other health and human service providers must: a. Wear personal protective equipment. b. Disclose their client’s HIV status. c. Assume that blood and other body fluids from all clients are potentially infectious. d. Clean instruments and tools with water. 5. Service providers are required to disclose personal HIV status in the workplace to? a. Their manager b. No one c. Their coworkers d. Their clients infection. a. Third b. Fifth c. Second d. First
c. 1 million d. 550,000
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NOTES
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NOTES
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