area. The use of the common carotid for injection of fluid and the internal jugular vein for the removal of blood will be used as in most cases, however, it will be necessary to raise both common carotids and jugular veins, as one will not suffice in a traumatic case such as this. Circular incision with the use of the Y shaped drainage tube will need to be inserted into the arteries and toward the face injecting a small quantity of fluid in order to cause a pressure on the venous system. Once placed, then open After conducting a thorough examination of the body and traumas, the embalmer must clean and inject the head through the severed ends of the carotid arteries. Dual injection through both carotid arteries will distribute both sides of the head by means of collateral circulation through the circle of Willis. Just as it would in a post autopsy case, the embalmer can expect that the arterial fluid will leak through other severed vessels, so they must be tied off or clamped. Next the body will be injected by locating and tying off the four principle arteries - two common carotids and the two vertebras. In some cases where trauma is to severe and it is impossible to tie all the severed vessels, the embalmer may try plaster of paris or to cauterize these areas to seal them off and then inject through the brachial, axillary or femoral. In some cases, all of these injection sites may need to be used if there isn’t proper distribution. Severed head, body and/or limbs Severed Head When both the head and the body have been injected, bring the two parts together by using a splint in the vertebral column. Plaster and sew the areas together, making sure the stitching is firm. Severed Body If the body is severed below the diaphragm, the embalmer must first remove and cleanse all of the loose and injured organs and tissues, place them in a bucket or pan to be treated separately with preservative fluid. Next, all of the injured arteries and veins in both the upper and lower parts of the diaphragm must be tied off to reduce spillage of arterial fluid. Begin injecting the lower extremities from inside the abdominal cavity by using the common iliac artery. Once injection begins the embalmer can observe the flow and identify if there are any vessels leaking fluid that must also be tied off. The lock forceps will enable you to pick them up and with the aneurism needle dissect around the end of the vessel and tie each one tight. The embalmer will then treat the upper extremity area in the same way, by injecting either from the inside or the outside of the cavity - this will largely depend on the severity of the trauma. If injecting from the inside, inject the fluid upward through the aorta. If injecting from the outside of the cavity, use passage through the radial, brachial, axillary or carotid. Gun shot to the abdomen In cases of gunshot wounds to the abdomen, whether self- inflicted or by homicidal intentions, the death most often results from the severing or dividing of a major blood vessel or from decomposition or sepsis resulting from injury to the intestines. In most traumatic cases to the abdomen, the embalmer must enter into the body cavity by making an incision from the base of the sternum bone to the pubic bone. Prior to beginning injection the cavity must be treated and cleansed to rid the cavity of coagulated blood and other putrid
the vein, insert the drainage tube and begin to remove the blood, and as the blood drains from the drainage tube inject slowly into the artery. This will help to push the blood out of the capillary system and into the drainage vessel thus clearing up the face of its discoloration. The removal of blood from both the internal jugulars in this direct way will relieve the pressure in the capillaries and smaller veins and induce a better circulation to all the immediate tissues. The trunk of the body may now be sewed together, beginning at the middle of the back. Stitch each side of the trunk leaving an area open to receive the organs and the tissues which were removed. Treat and place the organs back into the cavity and finish with a hardening compound- is sure to cover the entire cavity. Complete stitching up the front of the torso and cover with a strong bandage and plastic. Severed Arm Begin by analyzing the damage to the arm and cleaning the surface area. If the arteries and veins have remained intact injection may begin through the radial towards the hand by means of collateral circulation through the palmar arch. Prior to injecting towards the upper part of the limb, the embalmer must take care to tie off the arteries on the severed end of the arm to prevent leakage or spilling of fluid. If trauma prohibits the arteries from being tied off, plaster of paris or cauterization and a strong bandage may be used to prevent leaking. The remaining body can then be injected through the opposite carotid, brachial or femoral. Once both the body and the arm have been properly preserved the arm can be sewn into place in its natural position. Be sure to treat and wrap this area with a topical solution to prevent any further leakage. Severed Leg Begin by analyzing the damage to the leg and cleaning the surface area. If the arteries and veins have remained intact injection may begin through the severed end of the leg by means of the large dorsal toward the foot and by means of collateral circulation through the plantar arch. Prior to injecting towards the upper part of the limb, the embalmer must take care to tie off the arteries on the severed end of the leg to prevent leakage or spilling of fluid. If trauma prohibits the arteries from being tied off, plaster of paris and a strong bandage may be used to prevent leaking. The remaining body can then be injected through the carotid, brachial, axillary or opposite femoral. Once both the body and the leg have been properly preserved the leg can be sewn into place in its natural position. Be sure to treat and wrap this area with a topical solution to prevent any further leakage. matter. Next, the embalmer must locate and tie off the injured vessels. Once these steps are complete, the injection can then be started from one of the principle arteries. Once the fluid begins to pass through the principle artery, it will be easier to locate if there are more injured vessels. The stomach and major organs must also be treated by cavity fluid to prevent the formation of gas. Once all steps are successfully completed, place hardening compound inside the body cavity and sew up the cavity carefully.
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