____________________________ Child Abuse Identification and Reporting: The Pennsylvania Requirement
Severe Forms of Trafficking in Persons Severe forms of trafficking in persons: • Sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age; or – Sex trafficking: the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, obtaining, patronizing, or soliciting of a person for the purpose of a com- mercial sex act Commercial sex act: Any sex act on account of which anything of value is given to or received by any person • The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion, for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. Examples include: – Peonage: Paying off debt through work – Debt bondage: Debt slavery, bonded labor, or services for a debt or other obligation – Slavery: A condition compared to that of a slave in respect of exhausting labor or restricted freedom Labor trafficking is labor obtained by use of threat of serious harm, physical restraint, or abuse of legal process. Examples include: • Being forced to work for little or no pay (frequently in factories and farms) • Domestic servitude, defined as providing services within a household for 10 to 16 hours per day, such as, but not limited to, childcare, cooking, cleaning, yard work, and gardening Victim Identification/Warning Signs (Human Trafficking [Act 115 of 2016]) Warning signs specifically associated with victims of child traf- ficking and/or exploitation include (but are not limited to): • A youth that has been verified to be younger than 18 years of age and is in any way involved in the com- mercial sex industry or has a record of prior arrest for prostitution or related charges • An explicitly sexual online profile • Excessive frequenting of Internet chat rooms or classi- fied sites • Depicting elements of sexual exploitation in drawing, poetry, or other modes of creative expression • Frequent or multiple sexually transmitted infections or pregnancies • Is found in a hotel, street track, truck stop, or strip club
• Lies about or has no identification or knowledge of personal data, such as but not limited to: age, name, and/or date of birth • Wearing clothing that is dirty, sexually inappropriate, inappropriate for the weather, or too large or too small (often dresses or skirts that are provocative in nature) • Wearing new clothes of any style, getting hair and/or nails done with no financial means • Having multiple cell phones or very expensive items that they have no way of purchasing on their own • Having unaddressed medical issues or goes to the ER or clinic alone or with an unrelated adult
• Being secretive about whereabouts • Having late nights or unusual hours
• Having a tattoo that s/he is reluctant to explain • Being in a controlling or dominating relationship • Lack of insurance or control of own finances • Exhibiting hypervigilance or paranoid behaviors • Expressing interest in or being in relationships with adults or much older men or women • Avoiding answering questions and letting someone else speak for them • Having significant change in behavior, including increased social media and new associates or friends at school • Having unexplained injuries and/or unbelievable or inconsistent explanations of injuries • Having multiple bruises or cuts in various stages of healing • Using specific terms, such as “trick,” “the life,” or “the game” With this in mind, it is important not to stigmatize children based on their gender expression and clothing choices. At-Risk Youth Populations (Human Trafficking [Act 115 of 2016]) At-risk youth populations include, but are not limited to, youth [7]: • In the foster care system • Who identify as LGBTQIA+ • Who are homeless or runaway • With disabilities • With mental health or substance abuse disorders • With a history of sexual abuse • With a history of being involved in the welfare system • Who identify as native or aboriginal • With family dysfunction
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