Exercise Prescription and Rehabilitation Considerations for Older Adults: Summary 81
Functional Training : • Improvement in functional abilities can also improve aerobic capacity in older adults • When functional abilities improve then this leads to an increase in physical activity which will then improve aerobic capacity • Improvements in balance impact aerobic capacity in this manner Energy Conservation : • Some medical conditions are so significant that aerobic capacity cannot be improved: ○ Example: end-stage respiratory disease • When improvement is not possible, strategies can be utilized to allow the function at the optimal level despite that deficit/condition • These strategies are called energy conservation strategies: ○ Minimize the energy demand of functional tasks by modification, organization, and prioritization • Use a small cart with wheels to transport items if possible. Pushing objects takes less energy than carrying them. • Store frequently used items in convenient locations close to where you will be using them • Keep a set of commonly used items on each level of your house • Avoid extreme temperatures during activities • Sit during as many tasks as possible • Avoid bending down and reaching overhead. Complete tasks close to your body • Never hold your breath. Use pursed-lip breathing when you feel out of breath • If your doctor has prescribed supplemental oxygen– use it • Simplify tasks by planning in advance:
• Break up large tasks into several components • Prioritize daily activities to complete the most important tasks first or when you have the most energy during the day • Avoid a lot of activity the first hour after eating; the body requires a great deal of energy to digest food • Pace yourself: slow, steady movements will accomplish more with less energy than fast, erratic movements • Maintain good posture and body mechanics during all activities Devices : • Supportive and assistive devices can improve: ○ Aerobic capacity of older adults • Assistive devices can be utilized to help improve function in those with aerobic impairments • Four wheeled walkers with seats (rollators) frequently utilized by patients with aerobic capacity impairments • Other assistive devices can improve: aerobic capacity even when the patient has weight bearing restrictions: ○ They allow mobility to still occur which can ultimately address aerobic capacity Conclusion With adequate exercise and physical activity, the changes in muscle strength and aerobic capacity that occur with aging are greatly diminished! Benefits include: • Prevention : diabetes, stroke, OP, and obesity • Improve frailty : low body mass, strength, mobility, physical activity level, energy • Improve cognition Even in medical conditions where there is effective drug therapy – physical activity and exercise are still needed!
○ Get everything ready first ○ Eliminate unnecessary work ○ Organize the work environment so that everything is nearby
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