Glossary ● Ageotropic : Describes direction of the fast phase of nystagmus away from the ground with the patient in a sidelying position. ● Alexander’s law: Slow phase eye movements of nystagmus are faster when the patient looks toward the direction of the quick phase. ● Ampullae : Widened portion of the semicircular canal at the juncture with the utricle. Contains the sensory hair cells for the semicircular canals. ● Canalithiasis : A type of BPPV where the otoconia are free-floating in the semicircular canal. ● Crista : Sensory structure of the semicircular canals that contain the hair cells that sense angular motion. ● Cupula : Bulbous gelatinous mass that surrounds the hair cells of the crista within the semicircular canal. ● Cupulolithiasis : A type of BPPV where the otoconia are adhered to the cupula. ● Frenzel lenses : Twenty diopter lenses that block visual fixation by the patient, but still allow the examiner to see eye movement responses. Resources Equipment ● Frenzel lenses: GN Otometrics North America 800-289-2150 Email: sales@gnotometrics.com http://www.otometrics.com ● Interacoustics USA 800-947-6334 ext.4437 ● Micromedical Technologies 800-334.4154 http://www.micromedical.com Organizations ● Neurology Section, American Physical Therapy Association http://www.neuropt.org ● Timothy Hain, MD, Chicago Dizziness and Hearing Website containing a wealth of information about peripheral and central vestibular disorders for patients and healthcare providers. Many videos on oculomotor testing are available. http://dizziness-and-balance.com/ ● Vestibular Disorders Association (VEDA) https://vestibular.org/ Professional network that supplies additional resources, information, and support. The website contains informative descriptions of vestibular conditions along with general medical and rehabilitative management. Email: md@interacoustics-us.com http://www.interacoustics.com
● Geotropic : Describes direction of the fast phase of nystagmus toward the ground with the patient in a sidelying position. ● Hennebert’s sign : Nystagmus indices by pressure change in the external auditory canal. Suggests perilymph fistula or Ménière’s disease. ● Macula : Gelatinous structure in the utricle and saccule that include hair cells that detect linear motion. Otoconia are embedded on top of maculae. ● Saccade : Eye movements used to move quickly or “jump” from one target to another. ● Skew deviation : Vertical misalignment of eyes. Sign of a peripheral or central otolith lesion. ● Smooth pursuit : Smooth eye movement used to track a moving target. ● Tragus : Ear flap directly in front of the external auditory canal. Teaching and Learning ● Inner Ear Anatomy: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anatomy_of_ the_Human_Ear.svg ● Gaze Stabilization Exercises: https://www.dizziness-and-balance.com/treatment/ rehab/gaze%20stab.html ● Head Impulse Test: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The-Video- Head-Impulse-Test-(vHIT)-Detects-Vertical-Semicircular- Canal-Dysfunction-pone.0061488.s004.ogv ● aVOR app, ITunes store https://www.entandaudiologynews.com/reviews/tech- reviews/post/avor-an-educational-tool
WORKS CITED https://qr2.mobi/peripheral-vestibular
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