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Introduction to Aquatic Therapy: Summary
Dynamic Pools Modern dynamic pools represent the evolution of aquatic therapy technology. These specialized therapeutic environments offer: • Portable/prefabricated design • Advanced features including: ○ Adjustable water jets/currents ○ Underwater treadmills ○ Video monitoring systems ○ Movable floors • Capacity for 1-2 clients • Targeted treatment options The choice between static and dynamic pools often depends on:
Neuromuscular effects include the following: • Increases sensory input to all sensory receptors • Improves proprioceptive input when moving in water • Helps those with sensory integration difficulties • Reduces tone and spasticity in the water Musculoskeletal system effects are as follows: • Resting muscle blood flow increases by 225% • Improves oxygen delivery and reduced edema • Reduces pain due to buoyancy (unloading of joints) and sensory overflow while in water Thermal effects are as follows: LEARNING TIP!
The ideal water temperature for therapeutic pools is 92°F (33.3°C), which is considered thermoneutral—the temperature at which the body neither gains nor loses heat. Skin temperature is typically 92°F.
• Facility space and budget • Patient population needs • Treatment goals • Available staff expertise
EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES Aquatic therapy utilizes three types of equipment: 1. Buoyancy equipment (assistive equipment) is usually foam and assists with buoyancy to improve flexibility, mobility, and stability: ○ Flotation devices ○ Foam noodles ○ Kickboards ○ Flotation weights (barbell, dumbbells, hydro-fit cuffs) 2. Resistance equipment is based on drag, viscosity, and surface area. The goal of this equipment is to improve strength, stability, endurance, and dynamic flexibility: ○ Paddles ○ Fins ○ Webbed gloves 3. Support equipment : ○ Pool rails ○ Steps ○ Lifts MAJOR THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES 1. The Bad Ragaz Ring Method was developed in 1930s Switzerland. The method uses flotation rings around the neck, pelvis, and extremities to suspend patients in water, allowing therapists to facilitate three-dimensional movement patterns. The Bad Ragaz Ring Method was used the water to treat impairments. The technique incorporates the following primary components: ○ Passive movement : Used for tone reduction and relaxation ○ Isometric exercise : Client maintains position while therapist provides movement
• In cooler water (below 92°F), peripheral vasoconstriction occurs, reducing blood flow to the skin and extremities. This can lead to muscle tension and reduced flexibility. Cooler water is more ideal for vigorous exercises, athletic training, and competitive swimming • In warmer water (above 92°F), vasodilation occurs, increasing blood flow to the skin and potentially causing fatigue if maintained for extended periods. Warmer water is more ideal for relaxation or light activity Therapists should monitor patients for signs of temperature-related responses, including the following: • Shivering (indicating too cold) • Excessive sweating or fatigue (indicating too warm) • Changes in skin color • Changes in comfort level • Alterations in movement patterns or exercise performance POOL TYPES AND THERAPEUTIC ENVIRONMENTS Static Pools Traditional in-ground pools with varying depths serve as the foundation of many aquatic therapy programs. These pools, typically found in community centers and health clubs, feature: • Variable depths from 3.5 to 12 feet • Larger capacity for multiple clients • Temperature maintenance around 82°F (can vary) • Cost-effectiveness for large-scale programs
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