Understanding Domestic Violence ______________________________________________________________
someone else without the victim’s consent because the victim was physically forced or threatened with physical harm. Examples include pinning the victim’s arms, using one’s body weight to prevent movement or escape, use of a weapon or threats of use, and assaulting the victim. • Victim Was Made to Penetrate a Perpetrator or Someone Else by Alcohol/Drug Facilitation: Includes times when the victim was made, or there was an attempt to make the victim, sexually penetrate a perpetrator or someone else without the victim’s consent because the victim was unable to provide consent due to being too intoxicated (e.g., incapacitation, lack of consciousness, or lack of awareness) through their voluntary or involuntary use of alcohol or drugs. • Nonphysically pressured unwanted penetration: Victim was pressured verbally or through intimidation or misuse of authority to consent or acquiesce to being penetrated. Examples include: ‒ being worn down by someone who repeatedly asked for sex or showed they were unhappy ‒ feeling pressured by being lied to or being told promises that were untrue ‒ having someone threaten to end a relationship or spread rumors ‒ sexual pressure due to someone using their influence or authority (this is not an exhaustive list). • Unwanted Sexual Contact: Intentional touching, either directly or through the clothing, of the genitalia, anus, groin, breast, inner thigh, or buttocks of any person without their consent, or of a person who is unable to consent or refuse. Unwanted sexual contact can be perpetrated against a victim or by making a victim touch the perpetra- tor. Unwanted sexual contact could be referred to as sexual harassment in some contexts (e.g., school or workplace). Noncontact Unwanted Sexual Experiences : Sexual violence that does not include physical contact of a sexual nature between the perpetrator and the victim. This occurs against a person without his or her consent, or against a person who is unable to consent or refuse. Some acts of non-contact unwanted sexual experi- ences occur without the victim’s knowledge. This type of sexual violence can occur in many differ- ent venues (e.g., school, workplace, in public, or through technology).
Noncontact unwanted sexual experiences include acts such as: ‒ Unwanted exposure to sexual situations— pornography, voyeurism, exhibitionism (this is not an exhaustive list) ‒ Verbal or behavioral sexual harassment— making sexual comments, spreading sexual rumors, sending unwanted sexually explicit photographs, or creating a sexually hostile climate, in person or through the use of technology (this is not an exhaustive list) ‒ Threats of SV to accomplish some other end such as threatening to rape someone if they do not give the perpetrator money; threatening to spread sexual rumors if the victim does not have sex with them (this is not an exhaustive list) ‒ Unwanted filming, taking, or disseminating photographs of a sexual nature of another person (this is not an exhaustive list) ‒ Tactics : Methods used by the perpetrator to coerce someone to engage in or be exposed to a sexual act. The following are tactics used to perpetrate SV (this is not an exhaustive list): ‒ Use or threat of physical force toward a victim in order to gain the victim’s compliance with a sexual act (e.g., pinning the victim down, assaulting the victim) ‒ Administering alcohol or drugs to a victim in order to gain the victim’s compliance with a sexual act (e.g., drink spiking) ‒ Taking advantage of a victim who is unable to provide consent due to intoxication or incapacitation from voluntary consumption of alcohol, recreational drugs, or medication ‒ Exploitation of vulnerability (e.g., immigration status, disability, undisclosed sexual orientation, age) ‒ Intimidation ‒ Misuse of authority (e.g., using one’s position of power to coerce or force a person to engage in sexual activity) ‒ Economic coercion, such as bartering of sex for basic goods, like housing, employment/ wages, immigration papers, or childcare ‒ Degradation, such as insulting or humiliating a victim ‒ Fraud, such as lies or misrepresentation of the perpetrator’s identity
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