______________________________________________________________ Understanding Domestic Violence
• Inability to Consent: A freely given agreement to have sexual intercourse or sexual contact could not occur because of the victim’s age, illness, mental or physical disability, being asleep or unconscious, or being too intoxicated (e.g., incapacitation, lack of consciousness, or lack of awareness) through their voluntary or involuntary use of alcohol or drugs. • Inability to Refuse: Disagreement to engage in a sexual act was precluded because of the use or possession of guns or other nonbodily weapons, or due to physical violence, threats of physical violence, intimidation or pressure, or misuse of authority. Sexual violence is divided into the following types: ‒ Completed or attempted forced penetration of a victim ‒ Completed or attempted alcohol/drug-facilitated penetration of a victim ‒ Completed or attempted forced acts in which a victim is made to penetrate a perpetrator or someone else ‒ Completed or attempted alcohol/drug-facilitated acts in which a victim is made to penetrate a perpetrator or someone else ‒ Nonphysically forced penetration which occurs after a person is pressured verbally or through intimidation or misuse of authority to consent or acquiesce ‒ Unwanted sexual contact ‒ Noncontact unwanted sexual experiences • Penetration: Penetration involves physical insertion, however slight, of the penis into the vulva; contact between the mouth and the penis, vulva, or anus; or physical insertion of a hand, finger, or other object into the anal or genital opening of another person. • Penetration of the Victim by Force: Includes completed or attempted unwanted vaginal (for women), oral, or anal insertion through use of physical force or threats to physically harm toward or against the victim. Examples include pinning the victim’s arms, using one’s body weight to prevent movement or escape, use of a weapon or threats of use, and assaulting the victim. • Penetration of Victim by Alcohol/Drug Facilitation: Includes completed or attempted unwanted vaginal (for women), oral, or anal insertion when the victim was unable to consent due to being too intoxicated (e.g., incapacitation, lack of consciousness, or lack of awareness) through their voluntary or involuntary use of alcohol or drugs. • Victim Was Made to Penetrate a Perpetrator or Someone Else by Force : Includes times when the victim was made, or there was an attempt to make the victim, sexually penetrate a perpetrator or
• Victim: Person who is the target of IPV. • Perpetrator: Person who inflicts the IPV.
• Violent Episode : A single act or series of acts of violence that are perceived to be connected to each other and that may persist over a period of minutes, hours, or days. A violent episode may involve single or multiple types of vio- lence (e.g., physical violence, sexual violence, stalking, and/ or psychological aggression). For victims who have had more than one violent intimate part- ner, consider the violent episode perpetrated most recently, by the violent partner who committed it. Thus, the most recent violent episode perpetrated by an intimate partner may have been perpetrated by someone other than the victim’s current or most recent intimate partner. For example, if a woman has been victimized by both her ex-husband and her current or most recent boyfriend, questions about the most recent vio- lent episode would refer to the episode involving whichever intimate partner victimized her most recently, not necessar- ily the one with whom she is currently or most recently in a relationship (Breiding et al., 2015). • Physical violence is defined as the intentional use of physical force with the potential for causing death, disability, injury, or harm. Physical violence includes but is not limited to scratching, pushing, shoving, throwing, grabbing, biting, choking, shaking, hair- pulling, slapping, punching, hitting, burning, use of a weapon (gun, knife, or other object), and use of restraints or one’s body, size, or strength against another person. Physical violence also includes coercing other people to commit any of the above acts. • Sexual violence is defined as a sexual act that is committed or attempted by another person without freely given consent of the victim or against someone who is unable to consent or refuse. Sexual violence includes forced or alcohol/drug facilitated penetration of a victim; forced or alcohol/drug facilitated incidents in which the victim was made to penetrate a per- petrator or someone else; nonphysically pressured unwanted penetration; intentional sexual touching; or noncontact acts of a sexual nature (Breiding et al., 2015). Sexual violence can also occur when a perpetrator forces or coerces a victim to engage in sexual acts with a third party. Sexual violence involves a lack of freely given consent as well as situations in which the victim is unable to consent or refuse. • Consent Words : Overt words or actions by a
person who is legally or functionally competent to give informed approval, indicating a freely given agreement to have sexual intercourse or sexual contact.
53
EliteLearning.com/Psychology
Powered by FlippingBook