21. The correct answer is c. Rationale: Edwin’s therapy plan included the addition of analgesic agents indicated for procedural pain 22. The correct answer is a. Rationale: Respiratory depression is a known side effect of opiates. 23. The correct answer is b. Rationale: Temazepam is an anxiolytic agent. 24. The correct answer is c. Rationale: Pain related anxiety was included in the diagnosis brief for Edwin’s case. 25. The correct answer is c. Rationale: The pain numeric scale was deployed in Edwin’s case. PROTOCOLS ON PAIN ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT IN MODERN MEDICINE Final Examination Questions Select the best answer for each question and complete your test online at EliteLearning.com/Book 148. Which of the following properly captured the IASP definition of pain? a. An uncomfortable experience resulting from drug abuse. b. An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with tissue damage. c. A pleasant experience resulting from intense metabolism. d. A medical condition prevalent only in children. 149. Which organization first introduces pain as the fifth vital sign? a. The African Pain Study Panel. 155. The differentiation of spinal nerves about pain was later known as? a. Meissner’s Law. b. Bell-Magendie Law. c. Dalen’s Observation. d. François Magendie Law. 156. Which theory of pain defines pain, not as a unique sensory experience but rather as an emotion that occurs when a stimulus is stronger than usual? a. Intensity theory of pain. b. Specificity Theory of pain. c. Pattern theory of pain. d. None of the above. 157. Nociceptors are described as which of the following? a. Sensory receptors with no relationship to stimuli detection in humans. b. Sensory receptors that are specialized to respond to noxious stimuli. c. A division of spinal nerves. d. Sensory receptors for pressure.
b. International Association for the Study of Pain. c. The Spanish Pain Assessment and Management Committee. d. The American Pain Society. 150. Which of the following is considered a barrier to effective pain assessment and management in modern science? a. Lack of pain management protocols. b. Poor insurance coverage for cancer pain. c. Personnel lack skills and knowledge. d. None of the above. 151. J. Bonica, in his early submissions, differentiated between normal and abnormal pain based on? a. Duration and origin. b. Physiology and time. c. Intuition. d. Patient experience. 152. Which of the following is true according to the specificity theory of pain? a. There are dedicated pathways for each somatosensory modality. b. There are no dedicated pathways for each somatosensory modality. c. Sensory afferent fibers are not sensitive to stimulus. d. Mechanoreceptors are not present in all humans. 153. According to the specificity theory of pain, mechanoreceptors are associated with which of the following? a. Pressure receptors in the skin. b. Taste receptors in lower animals. c. Second-order neurons in the spinal cord or brainstem. d. Pain receptors only present in SCD patients. 154. According to Galen’s early submissions, all but one of the following must be fulfilled before perception can occur. a. An organ must be able to receive the stimulus. b. A processing center that converts the sensation to a conscious perception must exist. c. There must be a connection from the organ to the brain. d. Mechanoreceptors must be inactive.
158. According to the gate control theory of pain, signals produced in primary afferents from stimulation of the skin were transmitted to three regions within the spinal cord. a. Substantia nigra. b. Substantia gelatinosa. c. Transmission cells. d. Dorsal column. 159. “The prevalence of chronic pain is inversely related to socio-economic factors.” a. False. b. True. c. Maybe. d. None of the above. 160. Which of the following stimulus is not detected by nociceptors? a. Temperature extremes. b. Intense pressure. c. Chemical signaling. d. Potential carcinogens. 161. Most nociceptors have small diameter unmyelinated axons (C-fibers) bundled in fascicles surrounded by which of the following? a. Tissues. b. Schwann cells. c. D-fibers. d. Blood vessels. 162. In studies exploring pain transduction, nociceptive fibers have been classified based on their conduction velocity and sensitivity, and threshold to all but one of the following? a. Cold (C). b. Warm (W). c. Heat (H). d. Mechanical (M).
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