Pectoralis major length test II Tests for the hypertonicity of pectoralis major. The client should be in the supine position on the table with their hands interlaced behind their head. The massage therapist will push down on the Pectoralis minor length test Tests for the hypertonicity of pectoralis minor. The client is supine on the table. The massage therapist sits at the head of the table and observes the position of the shoulders. Hypertonicity of the pectoralis minor is indicated by a forward Wright’s hyperabduction test Tests for thoracic neurovascular compression due to hypertonicity of pectoralis minor. The client should be in a seated position. Next, their arm will be abducted to 180 degrees before slightly extending the arm backward. The massage therapist then monitors the client’s radial pulse. Hypertonicity of the pectoralis minor is indicated by numbness or tingling in Acromioclavicular (AC) joint shear test Tests for the integrity of the AC joint ligaments. The client should be in a seated position with the massage therapist standing behind the client. The therapist interlaces their fingers with the palm of one hand on the lateral aspect of the clavicle and the other palm on the client’s lateral spine of the scapula. The therapist then squeezes their hands together. Dysfunctional AC Adhesive capsulitis abduction test Tests for the frozen shoulder/ROM at the glenohumeral joint. The client should be seated. The massage therapist stands behind the client and with one hand palpates the inferior angle of the scapula. The therapist’s other hand holds the client’s arm above the elbow and attempts to slowly abduct the client’s arm out to 90 degrees. Frozen shoulder is indicated by pain accompanied Drop arm test Tests for weakness or dysfunction of either the deltoid or supraspinatus muscle. The client should be in a seated position. The client abducts their arm to 90 degrees, holds the position for a moment if possible, then slowly adducts (adds) their arm to their body. Weakness or a dysfunction of the deltoid is indicated Hawkins-Kennedy impingement test Tests for impingement or injury to the supraspinatus muscle or tendon. With the client seated, they are asked to abduct their arm to 90 degrees and, keeping their elbow straight, medially or downwardly rotate their humerus at the elbow. A supraspinatus Lateral rotators strength test Testing for weakness or dysfunction of the infraspinatus and/ or teres minor muscles. With the client seated or standing, they keep their arm by their side while flexing the elbow to 90 degrees. They are then asked to laterally rotate their arm while the massage therapist resists their motion with internal rotation. Painful arc test Tests for a supraspinatus tendon and subacromial bursa impingement. With the client seated or standing with their arms by their side, the client abducts the affected shoulder through its full ROM, to 180 degrees if possible. A positive Subscapularis strength test Testing for weakness or dysfunction of subscapularis. The client should be in a seated position with their elbow flexed to 90 degrees in front of them. The massage therapist attempts to move the client’s forearm into lateral rotation while the client tries to resist by internally rotating the forearm. Injury to Gerber’s Lift-Off Test Tests for an injury to subscapularis. The client can be seated or standing with their elbow flexed to 90 degrees and their forearm placed in the small of their back so that their hand is touching it. The client is asked to lift their hand off their back while extending and medially rotating their arm. A positive result
elbows in an attempt to place the client’s elbows on the table. Hypertonicity of the pectoralis major is indicated if the client’s elbows cannot meet the table top.
motion of the shoulder over 20 degrees. The therapist should then press down on the affected side (bilaterally if both sides appear affected) and ask if the client feels a stretch in the pectoralis minor area to confirm their observations. the client’s arm or hands or by a diminished radial pulse. The massage therapist should concentrate on the pectoralis minor and also check the anterior and middle scalenes for tension on the affected side to relieve the compression on the brachial plexus and subclavian artery.
joint ligaments are indicated by pain or excessive movement of the joint. The therapist should use cold therapy to reduce pain before attempting cross-fiber friction to assist tissue repair. Avoid moving the shoulder joint and perhaps stabilize it with a sports wrap or tape.
by a limited ROM (under 90 degrees). The therapist can massage any hypertonic muscles around the affected shoulder, but should let the client know that massage is not a long-term solution for this chronic condition since its cause is, in most cases, idiopathic (unknown).
by pain at the muscle’s attachments or in its belly. Weakness or dysfunction of the supraspinatus is indicated by pain above the spine of the scapula or near the greater tubercle of the humerus. Weakness of either muscle is indicated by the client being unable to slowly or smoothly adduct their arm. muscle impingement is indicated by pain at the acromion of the scapula. Injury to the muscle tendon is indicated by pain deep to the spine of the scapula or at the greater tubercle of the humerus. Weakness or a dysfunction of the infraspinatus is indicated by pain in the muscle belly on the posterior scapula. Weakness or a dysfunction of teres minor is indicated by pain along the superior lateral border of the scapula.
result is indicated by pain at or deep to the acromion starting at 70 degrees of abduction and easing after 130 degrees of abduction.
subscapularis is indicated by pain deep in the axillary (armpit) and weakness indicated by the client being unable to resist lateral rotation of their humerus. The therapist may employ active-resisted exercises to strengthen the subscapularis muscle.
is indicated if the client is unable to lift their hand off their back. Pain deep in the axillary is typically indicative of an injury to the muscle belly or origin, while pain near the lesser tubercle of the humerus may indicate a tear at the muscle’s insertion.
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